Qt4编程指南：打造跨平台C++ GUI应用

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"C++ GUI Programming with Qt4 Second Edition" 是一本由Jasmin Blanchette和Mark Summerfield编写的书籍，由Prentice Hall出版社在2008年2月4日出版。这本书主要关注使用Qt 4.3进行C++图形用户界面编程，旨在帮助开发者构建能在Windows、Linux/Unix、Mac OS X以及嵌入式Linux上原生运行的强壮应用，而无需修改源代码。书中内容覆盖了Qt 4.3的最新特性，包括模型/视图架构的实现、改进的图形支持，以及数据库访问、XML集成和使用子系统等高级技术。 Qt是一个跨平台的应用程序开发框架，由Trolltech公司（现为Nokia的一部分）开发，它允许程序员用C++编写一次，到处运行。本书是Trolltech用来培训新员工的官方推荐教材，提供了实践案例和深入的指导，对Qt 4.3的编程模式进行了详尽的解释。在书中，作者详细讨论了如何利用Qt 4.3的模型/视图架构来设计灵活和可扩展的用户界面，这是现代GUI设计的关键部分。他们还涵盖了Qt 4.3的图形系统增强，如QGraphicsView和QGraphicsScene，这些可以用于创建复杂的2D和3D图形界面。数据库访问部分，作者介绍了如何使用Qt的QSql库与各种数据库系统交互，包括SQL查询的执行和数据模型的绑定。XML集成章节则讲述了如何利用Qt的QDom和QXmlStreamReader/QXmlStreamWriter类来解析和生成XML文档，这对于数据交换和存储非常有用。此外，书中还涉及到了网络编程、多线程以及国际化和本地化方面的内容，这些都是开发大型、复杂应用时必不可少的部分。通过实例，读者将学习如何有效地利用Qt的信号和槽机制来实现组件间的通信，以及如何设计响应式的用户界面。 "C++ GUI Programming with Qt4 Second Edition" 是一本全面的教程，适合有C++基础并希望掌握Qt 4.3进行GUI开发的程序员。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中获得宝贵的知识和实用技巧，提升开发效率和软件质量。

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Thanks also to Nathan Clement for the troll illustrations, and to Audrey Doyle for her careful

proofreading. And finally, thanks to our editor, Debra Williams-Cauley, both for her support

and for making the process as hassle-free as possible, and to Lara Wysong for handling the

production practicalities so well.

A Brief History of Qt

The Qt framework first became publicly available in May 1995. It was initially developed by

Haavard Nord (Trolltech's CEO) and Eirik Chambe-Eng (Trolltech's Chief Troll). Haavard and

Eirik met at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim, where they both graduated

with master's degrees in computer science.

Haavard's interest in C++ GUI development began in 1988 when he was commissioned by a

Swedish company to develop a C++ GUI framework. A couple of years later, in the summer

of 1990, Haavard and Eirik were working together on a C++ database application for

ultrasound images. The system needed to be able to run with a GUI on Unix, Macintosh, and

Windows. One day that summer, Haavard and Eirik went outside to enjoy the sunshine, and

as they sat on a park bench, Haavard said, "We need an object-oriented display system". The

resulting discussion laid the intellectual foundation for the object-oriented cross-platform GUI

framework they would soon go on to build.

In 1991, Haavard started writing the classes that eventually became Qt, collaborating with

Eirik on the design. The following year, Eirik came up with the idea for "signals and slots", a

simple but powerful GUI programming paradigm that has now been embraced by several

other toolkits. Haavard took the idea and produced a hand-coded implementation. By 1993,

Haavard and Eirik had developed Qt's first graphics kernel and were able to implement their

own widgets. At the end of the year, Haavard suggested that they go into business together

to build "the world's best C++ GUI framework".

The year 1994 began inauspiciously with the two young programmers wanting to enter a

well-established market, with no customers, an unfinished product, and no money.

Fortunately, their wives were employed and therefore able to support their husbands for the

two years Eirik and Haavard expected to need to develop the product and start earning an

income.

The letter 'Q' was chosen as the class prefix because the letter looked beautiful in Haavard's

Emacs font. The 't' was added to stand for "toolkit", inspired by Xt, the X Toolkit. The

company was incorporated on March 4, 1994, originally as Quasar Technologies, then as Troll

Tech, and today as Trolltech.

In April 1995, thanks to a contact made through one of Haavard's university professors, the

Norwegian company Metis gave them a contract to develop software based on Qt. Around this

time, Trolltech hired Arnt Gulbrandsen, who during his six years at Trolltech devised and

implemented an ingenious documentation system as well as contributing to Qt's code.

On May 20, 1995, Qt 0.90 was uploaded to sunsite.unc.edu. Six days later, the release was

announced on comp.os.linux.announce. This was Qt's first public release. Qt could be used

for both Windows and Unix development, offering the same API on both platforms. Qt was

available under two licenses from day one: A commercial license was required for commercial

development, and a free software edition was available for open source development. The

Metis contract kept Trolltech afloat, while for ten long months no one bought a commercial Qt

license.

In March 1996, the European Space Agency became the second Qt customer, with a purchase

of ten commercial licenses. With unwavering faith, Eirik and Haavard hired another developer.

Qt 0.97 was released at the end of May, and on September 24, 1996, Qt 1.0 came out. By the

end of the year, Qt had reached version 1.1; eight customers, each in a different country, had

bought 18 licenses between them. This year also saw the founding of the KDE project, led by

Matthias Ettrich.

Qt 1.2 was released in April 1997. Matthias Ettrich's decision to use Qt to build KDE helped Qt

become the de facto standard for C++ GUI development on Linux. Qt 1.3 was released in

September 1997.

Matthias joined Trolltech in 1998, and the last major Qt 1 release, 1.40, was made in

September of that year. Qt 2.0 was released in June 1999. Qt 2 had a new open source

license, the Q Public License (QPL), which complied with the Open Source Definition. In

August 1999, Qt won the LinuxWorld award for best library/tool. Around this time, Trolltech

Pty Ltd (Australia) was established.

Trolltech released Qt/Embedded Linux in 2000. It was designed to run on embedded Linux

devices and provided its own window system as a lightweight replacement for X11. Both

Qt/X11 and Qt/Embedded Linux were now offered under the widely used GNU General Public

License (GPL) as well as under commercial licenses. By the end of 2000, Trolltech had

established Trolltech Inc. (USA) and had released the first version of Qtopia, an application

platform for mobile phones and PDAs. Qt/Embedded Linux won the LinuxWorld "Best

Embedded Linux Solution" award in both 2001 and 2002, and Qtopia Phone achieved the

same distinction in 2004.

Qt 3.0 was released in 2001. Qt was now available on Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, and Linux

(desktop and embedded). Qt 3 provided 42 new classes and its code exceeded 500000 lines.

Qt 3 was a major step forward from Qt 2, including considerably improved locale and Unicode

support, a completely new text viewing and editing widget, and a Perl-like regular expression

class. Qt 3 won the Software Development Times "Jolt Productivity Award" in 2002.

In the summer of 2005, Qt 4.0 was released. With about 500 classes and more than 9000

functions, Qt 4 is larger and richer than any previous version, and it has been split into

several libraries so that developers only need to link against the parts of Qt that they need.

Qt 4 is a huge advance on previous versions with improvements that include a completely

new set of efficient and easy-to-use template containers, advanced model/view functionality,

a fast and flexible 2D painting framework, and powerful Unicode text viewing and editing

classes, not to mention thousands of smaller enhancements across the complete range of Qt

classes. Qt 4's feature set is now so broad that it has taken Qt beyond being a GUI toolkit and

made it into a full-blown application development framework. Qt 4 is also the first Qt edition

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