Chapter 1 Web GIS introduction2
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What is Web GIS?
Web GIS is the combination of the web and GIS. e web removed the constraint of distance in
cyberspace, and thus allows people the freedom to interact with GIS apps globally and access
information almost instantly. Web GIS uses web technologies, including, but not limited to,
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Uniform Resource
Locator (URL), JavaScript, Web Graphics Library (WebGL), WebSocket, and more.
e rst operational GIS was developed in the 1960s by Roger Tomlinson. Since then, GIS has
continuously evolved from a local le-based single computer system to a central database-based
client/server system, often with multiple servers and many more client computers. e invention
of the internet in the late 1950s and the World Wide Web in the early 1990s laid the foundation for
an evolutionary leap toward Web GIS. In 1993, the Xerox Corporation’s Palo Alto Research Center
(PARC) developed a mapping web page, which marked the origin of Web GIS. In the 2000s, Web
GIS evolved into a new generation—a system of distributed web services you can access in the
cloud, as represented by the Esri ArcGIS platform.
Inheriting the power of the internet and the web, Web GIS oers many advantages:
• Global reach: you can share your geographic information easily within your organization
and with people all over the world.
• Large number of users: you can share your app with dozens, or even millions, of users
supported by the scalable cloud technology.
• Low cost per user: the cost of building one Web GIS app is often cheaper than building a
stand-alone desktop solution and installing it for every user.
• Better cross-platform capabilities: web apps, especially those built with JavaScript, can
run on desktop and mobile browsers running a wide range of operating systems, from
Windows, Mac OS, and Linux to iOS, Android, and Windows Phone.
• Easy to use: Web GIS apps typically incorporate simplicity, intuition, and convenience into
their design. erefore, public users can use these apps without having prior knowledge.
• Easy to maintain: web clients can benet from the latest program and data updates each
time they access a web app. e web administrator does not have to update all the clients
separately.
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