视觉呈现:Windows Presentation Foundation(WPF)精华解析

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"Illustrated WPF (Expert's Voice in .Net)" 是一本由 Apress 在2009年出版的专业书籍,作者是 Daniel M. Solis。本书深入浅出地介绍了微软的Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF),这是一个用于创建精美图形Windows应用程序的新API。书中通过丰富的视觉元素和简洁的阐述,帮助读者理解和掌握WPF编程的关键概念。 本书的主要内容包括: 1. **WPF基础概念**:讲解了WPF中的核心概念,如视觉树(Visual Tree)、逻辑树(Logical Tree)、依赖属性(Dependency Properties)和路由事件(Routed Events)。这些概念构成了WPF程序的基础架构,让开发者能轻松处理复杂的图形系统。 2. **XAML语言**:介绍了XAML标记语言,它是WPF中用于创建和初始化对象的工具。读者将学习如何结合XAML和C#代码,共同构建出令人眼前一亮的程序。 3. **布局与界面设计**:探讨了WPF的各种面板类型(Panel),如Grid、StackPanel等,以及如何使用资源(Resources)、样式(Styles)和模板(Templates)来实现界面的一致性视觉效果。 4. **数据绑定**:讲解如何将视觉元素绑定到数据源,实现数据驱动的动态界面,使用户界面更加生动。 5. **图形变换与动画**:介绍了如何运用图形变换技术创造吸引人的显示效果,以及如何利用动画功能使页面充满活力。 6. **文档处理**:详细阐述了WPF中的文本布局和导航机制,包括不同的文档类型,帮助开发者创建丰富的文档应用。 这本书面向的是已经熟悉C#编程,想要学习如何利用WPF构建精美Windows应用的开发者,无论他们之前是Web程序员(如ASP.NET背景)还是Windows Forms的开发人员。它适合那些希望快速、直观地理解WPF平台的读者,而不是提供冗长的详细解释。 书中的链接提供了在亚马逊购买此书的途径,对有兴趣深入了解WPF的开发者来说,这是一本极具价值的参考资料。

Rab GTPases serve as master regulators of membrane trafficking. They can be activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) and be inactivated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The roles of some GAPs have been explored in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but are largely unknown in filamentous fungi. Here, we investigated the role of GAP Gyp3 gene, an ortholog of S. cerevisiae Gyp3, in an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum. We found that MaGyp3 is mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of vegetative hyphae, nuclei of mature conidia, and both ER and nuclei in invasive hyphae. Lack of MaGyp3 caused a decreased tolerance to hyperosmotic stress, heat-shock and UV-B radiation. Moreover, the ΔMaGyp3 mutant showed a significantly decreased pathogenicity owing to delayed germination, reduced appressorium-mediated penetration and impaired invasive growth. Loss of MaGyp3 also caused impaired fungal growth, advanced conidiation and defects in utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources, while overexpression of MaGyp3 exhibited delayed conidiation on nutrient-rich medium and conidiation pattern shift from microcycle conidiation to normal conidiation on nutrient-limited medium. Mavib-1, a tanscription factor invloved in conidiation by affecting nutrient utilizaiton, can directly bind to the promoter of MaGyp3. ΔMaGyp3 and ΔMavib-1 mutants shared similar phenotypes, and overexpression mutants of MaGyp3 and Mavib-1 (Mavib-1-OE) exhibited similar phenotypes in growth, conidiation and pathogenicity. Reintroduction of the Magyp3 driven by strong promoter gpd in ΔMavib-1 mutant recovered the defects in growth and conidiation for dysfunction of Mavib1. Taken together, our findings uncovered the role of GAP3 in a filamentous pathogenic fungus and and illustrated the upstream regulatory mechanism by direct interaction with Mavib-1.请用nature杂志的风格润色成学术论文的形式。

2023-02-10 上传

翻译This SiO2 shell is a key component in the mechanism for reversible actuation, as illustrated by finite element analysis (FEA) in Fig. 1C. An increase in temperature transforms the SMA (nitinol) from the martensitic to the austenitic phase, causing the 3D structure to flatten into a 2D shape. The responses of the SMA elements at the joints act as driving forces to deform the PI skeleton. This process also elastically deforms the SiO2 shell, resulting in a counter force that limits the magnitude of the deformation. The change in shape ceases when the forces from the shell balance those from the joints (right frame in Fig. 1C). Upon a reduction in temperature, the SMA changes from the austenitic back to the martensitic phase, thereby reducing the force produced by the SMA at the joints to zero. The elastic forces associated with the shell then push the entire system back to the original 3D geometry (left frame in Fig. 1C). Figure S3A simulates the moments generated by the SMA and the SiO2 shell. In the FEA model, the SiO2 shell appears on both the outer and inner surfaces of the 3D robot, consistent with experiments (fig. S3B). Although a single layer of the SiO2 shell at the outer or inner surface can also provide restoring force, the double-layer shell structure follows naturally from the conformal deposition process. This actuation scheme allows for reversible shape transformations using a one-way shape memory material. Without the shell, the structure only supports a single change in shape, from 3D to 2D, as illustrated in fig. S3C. Figure 1D shows optical images of a freestanding 3D peekytoe crab on the edge of a coin, highlighting the preserved 3D geometry enabled by the SiO2 shell after release from the elastomer substrate. Other 3D structures in geometries that resemble baskets, circular helices, and double-floor helices also exhibit high shape storage ratios (>85%) after cycles of heating and cooling (fig. S4). This ratio (s) is defined as s = 1 − |L1 − L0|/L0 × 100%, where L0 and L1 are the distances between the bonding sites at both ends at the initial stage and subsequent stages, respectively

2023-06-13 上传