SQL反模式：识别与避免数据库设计错误

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"Pragmatic SQL Antipatterns" 《Pragmatic SQL Antipatterns》是一本专注于数据库设计和查询优化的专业书籍，旨在帮助读者识别并解决在逻辑数据库设计、物理数据库设计、查询以及应用程序开发中可能出现的问题。作者通过详细的案例分析，揭示了诸如"Index Shotgun"（索引过度）、"Keyless Entry"（无键访问）、"Fear of the Unknown"（对未知的恐惧）和"Spaghetti Query"（意大利面式查询）等常见错误模式，并提供了改正和预防这些问题的方法。书中的读者评论反映了这本书的价值。一位名为Marcus Adams的高级软件工程师表示，他推崇最佳实践，认为从他人的错误中学习是很有价值的。他发现自己在书中看到了自己过去的一些错误，后悔没有早些读到这本书。这表明《SQL Antipatterns》具有很高的实践指导意义，能帮助开发者避免和改正常见的数据库设计错误。 Frederic Daoud，作者 of "Stripes: And Java Web Development Is Fun Again" 和 "Getting Started with Apache Click"，高度赞扬了这本书，认为它提供了一种引人入胜、实用且独特的学习方式。他立即应用了书中的技巧，从而改进了他的应用程序。这证明了这本书对于软件开发者来说，不仅有理论价值，也有实际的代码优化效果。另一位，DevBots Software Development的联合创始人Darby Felton强调，《SQL Antipatterns》对于软件开发者至关重要，因为它帮助团队理解数据库设计的后果，并根据需求、期望、测量数据和实际情况做出最佳决策。这表明本书不仅能提升团队的数据库设计能力，还能促进团队的决策质量。书中的独特风格，如Bill的写作手法，使得学习过程更加有趣，易于理解和吸收。书中的每个章节都以问题为导向，深入剖析每个反模式的成因，然后提出有效的解决方案，帮助读者在未来的设计和开发中避免类似问题。通过这种方式，这本书不仅是数据库问题的诊断工具，也是预防问题的指南，对于任何涉及SQL和数据库开发的人员来说，都是必备的参考书目。

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WHAT’S IN THIS BOOK 16

Parts of This Book

This book has four parts for the following categories of antipatterns:

Logical Database Design Antipatterns

Before you start coding, you should decide what information you

need to keep in your database and the best way to organize and

interconnect your data. This includes planning your database

tables, columns, and relationships.

Physical Database Design Antipatterns

After you know what data you need to store, you implement the

data management as efﬁciently as you can using the features of

your RDBMS technology. This includes deﬁning tables and in-

dexes and choosing data types. You use SQL’s data deﬁnition lan-

guage—statements such as CREATE TABLE.

uery Antipatterns

You need to add data to your database and then retrieve data. SQL

queries are made with data manipulation language—statements

such as SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

Application Development Antipatterns

SQL is supposed to be used in the context of applications written

in another language, such as C++, Java, PHP, Python, or Ruby.

There are right ways and wrong ways to employ SQL in an applica-

tion, and this part of the book describes some common blunders.

Many of the antipattern chapters have humorous or evocative titles,

such as Golden Hammer, Reinventing the Wheel, or Design by Commit-

tee. It’s traditional to give both positive design patterns and antipat-

terns names that serve as a metaphor or mnemonic.

The appendix provides practical descriptions of some relational data-

base theory. Many of the antipatterns this book covers are the result of

misunderstanding database theory.

Anatomy of an Antipattern

Each antipattern chapter contains the following subheadings:

bjective

This is the task that you may be trying to solve. Antipatterns are

used with an intention to provide that solution but end up causing

more problems than they solve.

Report erratum

this copy is (P1.0 printing, May 2010)

WHAT’S NOT IN THIS BOOK 17

The Antipattern

This section describes the nature of the common solution and

illustrates the unforeseen consequences that make it an anti-

pattern.

How to Recognize the Antipattern

There may be certain clues that help you identify when an antipat-

tern is being used in your project. Certain types of barriers you

encounter, or quotes you may hear yourself or others saying, can

tip you off to the presence of an antipattern.

Legitimate Uses of the Antipattern

Rules usually have exceptions. There may be circumstances in

which an approach normally considered an antipattern is never-

theless appropriate, or at least the lesser of all evils.

Solution

This section describes the preferred solutions, which solve the

original objective without running into the problems caused by

the antipattern.

1.3 What’s Not in This Book

I’m not going to give lessons on SQL syntax or terminology. Ther

e are

plenty of books and Internet references for the basics. I assume you

have already learned enough SQL syntax to use the language and get

some work done.

Performance, scalability, and optimization are important for many peo-

ple who develop database-driven applications, especially on the Web.

There are books speciﬁcally about performance issues related to data-

base programming. I recommend SQL Performance Tuning [

GP03] and

High Performance MySQL, Second Edition [

SZT

08]. Some of the topics

n SQL Antipatterns are relevant to performance, but it’s not the main

focus of the book.

I try to present issues that apply to all database brands and also solu-

tions that should work with all brands. The SQL language is speciﬁed

as an ANSI and ISO standard. All brands of databases support these

standards, so I describe vendor-neutral use of SQL whenever possible,

and I try to be clear when describing vendor extensions to SQL.

Data access frameworks and object-relational mapping libraries are

helpful tools, but these aren’t the focus of this book. I’ve written most

Report erratum

this copy is (P1.0 printing, May 2010)

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