2015年EMC信息存储与管理指南第三版学生手册

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《信息存储与管理第3版学生指南》是由教育服务部门于2015年8月发布的英文版教程。版权归属于EMC公司，所有权利保留，该版本的信息在发布时被认为准确，但EMC公司保留随时根据需要进行更新的权利。本教材旨在提供关于信息存储与管理的最新知识，但提供的信息不构成任何形式的保证，包括但不限于产品质量保证或特定用途的适用性。该手册强调了"以现状提供"（AS-IS）的原则，意味着EMC公司不对其中的信息做出任何形式的默示担保，如适销性或针对特定目的的适用性。使用、复制和分发文中所述的EMC软件需要相应的软件许可。手册中提到的商标、标志和服务标志（统称为"商标"）是EMC公司和其他相关方的财产，未经版权所有者书面许可，不得未经授权使用这些商标。本教材的核心知识点涵盖了以下方面： 1. **信息存储技术**：介绍了不同类型的数据存储设备，如磁盘驱动器、磁带备份、云存储以及现代的固态硬盘等，以及它们的优缺点和适用场景。 2. **数据管理策略**：探讨了数据分类、生命周期管理、备份与恢复计划，以及如何制定有效的数据保留和处置政策。 3. **数据安全性**：涉及了数据加密、访问控制、身份验证和安全协议，确保信息在存储过程中免受未经授权的访问或泄露。 4. **性能优化**：讲述了如何通过合理的架构设计、性能监控和调优技巧来提升存储系统的效率。 5. **法规遵从性**：强调了与数据存储和管理相关的法律法规，包括数据隐私法和电子发现规定，以确保合规性。 6. **信息技术发展趋势**：简述了云计算、大数据、人工智能等新兴技术对信息存储和管理的影响，以及如何适应这些变化。 7. **用户培训和实践指导**：提供了实践案例和操作步骤，帮助读者理解并应用所学理论知识。《信息存储与管理第3版学生指南》是一份全面且实用的资源，不仅适合教育环境中的学习，也为IT专业人士提供了一个理解和掌握现代信息存储与管理的关键工具。在阅读和实施时，读者应始终注意版权要求，并理解使用信息可能存在的风险和责任。

The terms “data” and “information” are closely related and it is common for the two to be used

interchangeably. However, it is important to understand the difference between the two. Data, by

itself, is simply a collection of facts that needs to be processed for it to be useful. For example a

set of annual sales figures of an organization is data. When data is processed and presented in a

specific context it can be interpreted in a useful manner. This processed and organized data is

called information. For example, when the annual sales data is processed into a sales report, it

provides useful information, such as the average sales for a product (indicating product demand

and popularity), and a comparison of the actual sales to the projected sales. Information thus

creates knowledge and enables decision-making.

As discussed previously, processing and analyzing data is vital to any organization. It enables

organizations to derive value from data, and create intelligence to enable decision-making and

organizational effectiveness. It is easier to process structured data due to its organized form. On

the other hand, processing non-structured data and extracting information from it using

traditional applications is difficult, time-consuming, and requires considerable resources. New

architectures, technologies, and techniques (described in Module 2, ‘Third Platform Technologies’)

have emerged that enable storing, managing, analyzing, and deriving value from unstructured

data coming from numerous sources.

Module 1: Introduction to Information Storage

In a computing environment, storage devices (or simply “storage”) are devices consisting of non-

volatile recording media on which information can be persistently stored. Storage may be internal

(for example, internal hard drive), removable (for example, memory cards), or external (for

example, magnetic tape drive) to a compute system. Based on the nature of the storage media

used, storage devices can be broadly classified as given below:

• Magnetic storage devices: For example, hard disk drive and magnetic tape drive.

• Optical storage devices: For example, Blu-ray, DVD, and CD.

• Flash-based storage devices: For example, solid state drive (SSD), memory card, and USB

thumb drive (or pen drive).

Storage is a core component in an organization’s IT infrastructure. Various factors such as the

media, architecture, capacity, addressing, reliability, and performance influence the choice and

use of storage devices in an enterprise environment. For example, disk drives and SSDs are used

for storing business-critical information that needs to be continuously accessible to applications;

whereas, magnetic tapes and optical storage are typically used for backing up and archiving data.

The different types of storage devices are covered in Module 3, ‘Data Center Environment’.

In enterprise environments, information is typically stored on storage systems (or storage

“arrays”). A storage system is a hardware component that contains a group of

homogeneous/heterogeneous storage devices assembled within a cabinet. These enterprise-class

storage systems are designed for high capacity, scalability, performance, reliability, and security

to meet business requirements. The compute systems that run business applications are provided

storage capacity from storage systems. Storage systems are covered in Module 4, ‘Intelligent

Storage Systems (ISS)’. Organizations typically house their IT infrastructure, including compute

systems, storage systems, and network equipment within a data center.

Module 1: Introduction to Information Storage

A data center is a dedicated facility where an organization houses, operates, and maintains back-

end IT infrastructure including compute systems, storage systems, and network equipment along

with other supporting infrastructure. A data center centralizes an organization’s IT equipment and

data-processing operations, and is vital for carrying out business operations.

A data center typically comprises the following:

• Facility: It is the building and floor space where the data center is constructed. It typically has

a raised floor with ducts underneath holding power and network cables.

• IT equipment: It includes equipment such as compute systems, storage systems, network

equipment and cables, and cabinets for housing the IT equipment.

• Support infrastructure: It includes all the equipment necessary to securely sustain the

functioning of the data center. Some key support equipment are power equipment including

uninterruptible power sources, and power generators; environmental control equipment

including fire and water detection systems, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)

systems; and security systems including biometrics, keycard, and video surveillance systems.

An organization may build a data center to provide open access to applications over the Internet,

or for privately executing business applications within its operational environment. A data center

may be constructed in-house and located in an organization’s own facility, or it may be

outsourced, with equipment being located at a third-party site. Large organizations often maintain

multiple data centers to distribute data-processing workloads and for disaster recovery.

Organizations are increasingly focusing on energy-efficient technologies and efficient management

practices to reduce the energy consumption of data centers and lessen the impact on the

environment. Such data centers are called as “green data centers”.

Module 1: Introduction to Information Storage

The activities carried out to ensure the efficient functioning of a data center can be broadly

categorized under the following key management processes:

• Monitoring: It is a continuous process of gathering information on various resources in the

data center. The process involves monitoring parameters such as configuration, availability,

capacity, performance, and security of resources.

• Reporting: It is a process of collating and presenting the monitored parameters such as

resource performance, capacity, and utilization of resources. Reporting enables data center

managers to analyze and improve the utilization of data center resources and identify

problems. It also helps in establishing business justifications and chargeback of costs

associated with data center operations.

• Provisioning: It is the process of configuring and allocating the resources that are required to

carry out business operations. For example, compute systems are provisioned to run

applications and storage capacity is provisioned to a compute system. Provisioning primarily

includes resource management activities to meet capacity, availability, performance, and

security requirements.

• Planning: It is a process of estimating the amount of IT resources required to support

business operations and meet the changing resource requirements. Planning leverages the

data collected during monitoring and enables improving the overall utilization and performance

of resources. It also enables estimation of future resource requirements. Data center managers

also determine the impact of incidents and devise contingency plans to resolve them.

• Maintenance: It is a set of standard repeatable activities for operating the data center. It

involves ensuring the proper functioning of resources and resolving incidents such as

malfunctions, outages, and equipment loss. It also involves handling identified problems or

issues within the data center and incorporating changes to prevent future problem occurrence.

Module 1: Introduction to Information Storage

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