import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False men_means = (85.5, 91, 72, 59, 66, 55) women_means = (94, 82, 89.5, 62, 49, 53) ind = np.arange(len(men_means)) width = 0.2 fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(111) ax.bar(ind - width / 2, men_means, width, label='男生平均成绩') ax.bar(ind + 0.2, women_means, width, label='女生平均成绩') ax.set_title('高二男生女生各科平均成绩') ax.set_xticks(ind) ax.set_xticklabels(['语文', '数学', '英语', '物理', '化学', '生物']) plt.ylim(40, 100) ax.legend() plt.show()美化并转为环形图

以下是美化并转为环形图的代码：

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from matplotlib.patches import ConnectionPatch

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] 
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False 

men_means = (85.5, 91, 72, 59, 66, 55) 
women_means = (94, 82, 89.5, 62, 49, 53) 

ind = np.arange(len(men_means)) 
width = 0.2 

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 8)) 

ax.bar(ind - width / 2, men_means, width, label='男生平均成绩', color='tab:blue') 
ax.bar(ind + 0.2, women_means, width, label='女生平均成绩', color='tab:orange') 

ax.set_title('高二男生女生各科平均成绩', fontsize=20) 
ax.set_xticks(ind) 
ax.set_xticklabels(['语文', '数学', '英语', '物理', '化学', '生物'], fontsize=15) 
ax.set_ylim(40, 100) 
ax.legend(fontsize=15) 

# 环形图部分
theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, len(men_means) + 1)
radii = np.repeat(1.5, len(men_means) + 1)

ax1 = plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
ax1.plot(theta, radii, color='black', linewidth=1)

for i in range(len(men_means)):
    ax1.fill_between([theta[i], theta[i+1]], 0, radii[i+1], color='tab:blue', alpha=0.6)
    ax1.fill_between([theta[i], theta[i+1]], 0, radii[i], color='tab:orange', alpha=0.6)

    posA = ax1.transData.transform((theta[i], radii[i]))
    posB = ax1.transData.transform((theta[i], radii[i+1]))
    coordsA = ax.transData.inverted().transform(posA)
    coordsB = ax.transData.inverted().transform(posB)

    con = ConnectionPatch(xyA=coordsA, xyB=coordsB, coordsA="data", coordsB="data", lw=1, color='black', alpha=0.8)
    fig.add_artist(con)

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

这个代码首先绘制了原始的柱状图，然后使用极坐标系绘制了环形图。环形图中，每个扇形的角度与柱状图中每个柱子对应，颜色则代表男女生的成绩。同时，为了使环形图与柱状图对应，我们使用 ConnectionPatch 将两个部分连接起来。最后，使用 tight_layout() 函数调整布局，使得图像更加美观。