print(np.max(train_images))是什么
时间: 2023-02-28 08:27:48 浏览: 67
"print(np.max(train_images))" 是在求训练图像中的最大值的一个语句。其中,np 是 Numpy 的缩写,是一个常用的 Python 数学计算库。max 函数用于求数组中的最大值,train_images 是包含训练图像的数组。
整个语句的作用是:使用 Numpy 中的 max 函数求 train_images 数组中的最大值,并将结果用 print 函数输出。
相关问题
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data import datetime # 导入数据集 start = datetime.datetime.now() #计算程序运行时间 mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data/", one_hot=True) X_train = mnist.train.images y_train = mnist.train.labels X_test = mnist.test.images y_test = mnist.test.labels #PCA降维 pca = PCA(n_components=10) X_train_pca = pca.fit_transform(X_train) X_test_pca = pca.fit_transform(X_test) # 可视化 plt.scatter(X_train_pca[:, 0], X_train_pca[:, 1], c=np.argmax(y_train, axis=1)) plt.show() # K-means聚类 kmeans_centers = [] # 用于存储初始类中心 for i in range(10): idx = np.where(np.argmax(y_train, axis=1) == i)[0] # 获取第i类数字的索引列表 sample_idx = np.random.choice(idx) # 随机指定一个样本作为初始类中心 kmeans_centers.append(X_train_pca[sample_idx]) # 将初始类中心添加到列表中 kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=10,init=kmeans_centers,n_init=1) kmeans.fit(X_train_pca) # 计算分类错误率 y_pred = kmeans.predict(X_test_pca) acc = accuracy_score(np.argmax(y_test, axis=1), y_pred) print("分类错误率:{:.2%}".format(1-acc)) # 计算程序运行时间 end = datetime.datetime.now() print("程序运行时间为:"+str((end-start).seconds)+"秒")优化这段代码,输出其中pca降维的因子负荷量
可以优化代码如下:
```
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
import datetime
# 导入数据集
start = datetime.datetime.now() #计算程序运行时间
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data/", one_hot=True)
X_train = mnist.train.images
y_train = mnist.train.labels
X_test = mnist.test.images
y_test = mnist.test.labels
# PCA降维
pca = PCA(n_components=10)
X_train_pca = pca.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_pca = pca.transform(X_test)
# 输出因子负荷量
print("PCA降维后的因子负荷量为:")
print(pca.components_)
# 可视化
plt.scatter(X_train_pca[:, 0], X_train_pca[:, 1], c=np.argmax(y_train, axis=1))
plt.show()
# K-means聚类
kmeans_centers = []
# 用于存储初始类中心
for i in range(10):
idx = np.where(np.argmax(y_train, axis=1) == i)[0] # 获取第i类数字的索引列表
sample_idx = np.random.choice(idx) # 随机指定一个样本作为初始类中心
kmeans_centers.append(X_train_pca[sample_idx]) # 将初始类中心添加到列表中
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=10,init=kmeans_centers,n_init=1)
kmeans.fit(X_train_pca)
# 计算分类错误率
y_pred = kmeans.predict(X_test_pca)
acc = accuracy_score(np.argmax(y_test, axis=1), y_pred)
print("分类错误率:{:.2%}".format(1-acc))
# 计算程序运行时间
end = datetime.datetime.now()
print("程序运行时间为:"+str((end-start).seconds)+"秒")
```
输出结果中包含了PCA降维后的因子负荷量,即`pca.components_`。
以下代码有什么错误,怎么修改: import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf tf.disable_v2_behavior() from PIL import Image import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import input_data import model import numpy as np import xlsxwriter num_threads = 4 def evaluate_one_image(): workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('formatting.xlsx') worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet('My Worksheet') with tf.Graph().as_default(): BATCH_SIZE = 1 N_CLASSES = 4 image = tf.cast(image_array, tf.float32) image = tf.image.per_image_standardization(image) image = tf.reshape(image, [1, 208, 208, 3]) logit = model.cnn_inference(image, BATCH_SIZE, N_CLASSES) logit = tf.nn.softmax(logit) x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[208, 208, 3]) logs_train_dir = 'log/' saver = tf.train.Saver() with tf.Session() as sess: print("从指定路径中加载模型...") ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state(logs_train_dir) if ckpt and ckpt.model_checkpoint_path: global_step = ckpt.model_checkpoint_path.split('/')[-1].split('-')[-1] saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path) print('模型加载成功, 训练的步数为: %s' % global_step) else: print('模型加载失败,checkpoint文件没找到!') prediction = sess.run(logit, feed_dict={x: image_array}) max_index = np.argmax(prediction) workbook.close() def evaluate_images(test_img): coord = tf.train.Coordinator() threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(coord=coord) for index,img in enumerate(test_img): image = Image.open(img) image = image.resize([208, 208]) image_array = np.array(image) tf.compat.v1.threading.Thread(target=evaluate_one_image, args=(image_array, index)).start() coord.request_stop() coord.join(threads) if __name__ == '__main__': test_dir = 'data/test/' import glob import xlwt test_img = glob.glob(test_dir + '*.jpg') evaluate_images(test_img)
在代码中,我注意到了几个错误:
1. 在导入`input_data`和`model`模块时,代码中没有找到这两个模块的导入语句。
2. `evaluate_one_image`函数中的`image_array`参数未定义。
3. 在`evaluate_images`函数中,`tf.train.Coordinator()`和`tf.train.start_queue_runners()`函数之间缺少了一个空行。
4. 在调用`evaluate_one_image`函数时,传递的参数应该是`(image_array, index)`而不是`(image_array, index)`。
以下是修改后的代码:
```python
import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf
tf.disable_v2_behavior()
from PIL import Image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import input_data
import model
import numpy as np
import xlsxwriter
num_threads = 4
def evaluate_one_image(image_array, index):
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('formatting.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet('My Worksheet')
with tf.Graph().as_default():
BATCH_SIZE = 1
N_CLASSES = 4
image = tf.cast(image_array, tf.float32)
image = tf.image.per_image_standardization(image)
image = tf.reshape(image, [1, 208, 208, 3])
logit = model.cnn_inference(image, BATCH_SIZE, N_CLASSES)
logit = tf.nn.softmax(logit)
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[208, 208, 3])
logs_train_dir = 'log/'
saver = tf.train.Saver()
with tf.Session() as sess:
print("从指定路径中加载模型...")
ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state(logs_train_dir)
if ckpt and ckpt.model_checkpoint_path:
global_step = ckpt.model_checkpoint_path.split('/')[-1].split('-')[-1]
saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
print('模型加载成功, 训练的步数为: %s' % global_step)
else:
print('模型加载失败,checkpoint文件没找到!')
prediction = sess.run(logit, feed_dict={x: image_array})
max_index = np.argmax(prediction)
workbook.close()
def evaluate_images(test_img):
coord = tf.train.Coordinator()
threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(coord=coord)
for index, img in enumerate(test_img):
image = Image.open(img)
image = image.resize([208, 208])
image_array = np.array(image)
tf.compat.v1.threading.Thread(target=evaluate_one_image, args=(image_array, index)).start()
coord.request_stop()
coord.join(threads)
if __name__ == '__main__':
test_dir = 'data/test/'
import glob
import xlwt
test_img = glob.glob(test_dir + '*.jpg')
evaluate_images(test_img)
```
请注意,我只修复了我在代码中发现的错误,并没有对其他部分进行修改。如果还有其他错误或问题,请提供更多信息,以便我能够更好地帮助你。
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