%matplotlib inline from sklearn.cluster import KMeans#导入sklearn中kmeans聚类包 import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt import sklearn.datasets as datasets iris=datasets.load_iris() #1 查看iris包括哪些信息，比如数据，label等。将这些信息打印出来； #2 信息中是否已包含每一样本所属的类？没聚类之彰，是否可以打印iris每一个label的样本个数; #3 画出第一类label的前两列的散点图； #4 用KMeans对数据进行聚类； #5 打印各聚类中心； #6 打印聚类后几个点的类标号； #7 打印迭代次数； #8 说明以下代码的作用： data=iris.data k=[] for i in range(1,20): km=KMeans(n_clusters=i,init='random',n_init=10,max_iter=200,tol=1e-04,random_state=0) km.fit(data) # inertia_:Sum of squared distances of samples to their closest cluster center. k.append(km.inertia_) plt.plot(range(1,20),k,marker='o') plt.xlabel('Number of cluster') plt.ylabel('Distorton') #9 使用BIRCH算法对iris进行了聚类,将同一类中的前两维用相同的颜色画出来。 #10 使用DBSCAN算法对iris进行了聚类,将同一类中的前两维用相同的颜色画出来。

Python数据集乳腺癌数据集（from sklearn.datasets import load-breast-cancer）

首先，我们需要导入必要的库，包括sklearn.datasets来加载数据，numpy处理数组操作，matplotlib.pyplot进行可视化，以及sklearn中的其他分类模型、预处理工具和评估方法。代码中使用了load_breast_cancer()...

Matplotlib中%matplotlib inline如何使用

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 接着，在代码的开头输入 %matplotlib inline，这行代码告诉IPython在接下来的绘图操作中使用内联模式。例如： python %matplotlib inline 然后，你可以使用...

%matplotlib inline from sklearn.cluster import KMeans#导入sklearn中kmeans聚类包 import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt import sklearn.datasets as datasets iris=datasets.load_iris() #1 查看iris包括哪些信息，比如数据，label等。将这些信息打印出来

可以使用以下代码查看iris包括的信息： python print("数据:\n", iris.data) print("标签:\n", iris.target) print("标签名字:\n", iris.target_names) print("数据描述:\n", iris.DESCR) print("特征名字:\n", ...

import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.datasets import load_iris # 加载鸢尾花数据集 iris = load_iris() X = iris.data y = iris.target # K均值聚类 kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3, random_state=0).fit(X) # 打印聚类结果 print('kmeans.labels_:', kmeans.labels_) print('kmeans.cluster_centers_:', kmeans.cluster_centers_) # 可视化聚类效果 plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=kmeans.labels_) plt.title('Clustering result') plt.show()分析一下这段代码以及运行代码后的结果

1. 导入需要的模块，包括numpy、matplotlib.pyplot和sklearn.cluster中的KMeans类和sklearn.datasets中的load_iris函数。 2. 加载鸢尾花数据集，将数据集中的数据赋值给变量X，将数据集中的标签赋值给变量y。 3. ...

import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.cluster import KMeans # 加载鸢尾花数据集 iris = load_iris() X = iris.data[:, :2] # 取前两个特征作为萼片长和宽 # 进行Kmeans聚类划分 kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3, random_state=0).fit(X) labels = kmeans.labels_ # 绘制散点图 plt.scatter(X[labels == 0, 0], X[labels == 0, 1], c='red', label='Cluster 1') plt.scatter(X[labels == 1, 0], X[labels == 1, 1], c='blue', label='Cluster 2') plt.scatter(X[labels == 2, 0], X[labels == 2, 1], c='green', label='Cluster 3') plt.xlabel('Sepal Length') plt.ylabel('Sepal Width') plt.title('Kmeans Clustering of Iris Dataset') plt.legend() plt.show()改进此代码

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.decomposition import PCA # 加载鸢尾花数据集 iris = load_iris() X = iris....

import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline from sklearn.datasets import load_digits data, labels = load_digits(return_X_y=True) (n_samples, n_features), n_digits = data.shape, np.unique(labels).size print(f"# 类别数: {n_digits}; # 样本数: {n_samples}; # 特征数： {n_features}") print(data[:2]) from time import time from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler from sklearn.cluster import KMeans kmeans=KMeans(n_clusters=10, random_state=42) ### 创建管道并训练，记录训练时间 t0 = time() estimator = make_pipeline(StandardScaler(), kmeans).fit(data) fit_time = time() - t0 print("训练时间：", fit_time) ### 通过惯性(inertia)聚类的性能 print(estimator) print(estimator[-1].inertia_) result1={"fit-time":fit_time,"inertia:":estimator[-1].inertia_ } from sklearn.decomposition import PCA ### ？？编程使用PCA分解，得到10个主成分，放到变量 components 中--------------------------- pca = PCA(n_components=10) components = pca.fit_transform(data) ###------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### 创建KMeas对象 kmeans=KMeans(n_clusters=10, init="k-means++", random_state=42) ### 创建管道并训练，记录训练时间 t0 = time() estimator = make_pipeline(StandardScaler(), kmeans).fit(data) fit_time = time() - t0 print("训练时间：", fit_time) ### 通过惯性(inertia)聚类的性能 print(estimator) print(estimator[-1].inertia_) result2={"fit-time":fit_time,"inertia:":estimator[-1].inertia_ } from sklearn.decomposition import PCA ### ??编程选择保持 98%的信息的PCA模型，用名为pca的变量表示 ---------- pca = PCA(n_components=0.98) ###------------------------------------------------------------------- ###创建KMeas对象 kmeans=KMeans(n_clusters=10, random_state=42) ###??编程创建一个标准化+PCA降维+KMeas聚类的管道并训练，记录训练时间 t0 = time() estimator = make_pipeline(StandardScaler(), pca, kmeans).fit(data) ##增加pca预处理 fit_time = time() - t0 print("训练时间：", fit_time) ### 通过惯性(inertia)聚类的性能 print(estimator) print(estimator[-1].inertia_) result3={"fit-time":fit_time,"inertia:":estimator[-1].inertia_ }可以选择不同的KMeans的参数对digits进行聚类，比较实验结果，并选择一个针对此问题的最好模型

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline from sklearn.datasets import load_digits data, labels = load_digits(return_X_y=True) (n_samples, n_features), n_digits = data.shape, np.unique...

对下面代码进行结果分析import numpy as np from sklearn.cluster import MiniBatchKMeans from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn import preprocessing import matplotlib.pyplot as plt np.random.seed(5) from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.metrics import silhouette_score from pylab import mpl # 设置显示中文字体 mpl.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei"] # 设置正常显示符号 mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False # 加载鸢尾花数据集 iris = load_iris() X = iris.data y = iris.target #最小最大标准化 min_max_scaler = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler() X_minmax=min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X) batch_size =15 num_cluster =3 #K均值算法拟合 clf=MiniBatchKMeans(n_clusters=num_cluster,batch_size=batch_size,init="random") clf.fit(X_minmax) #拟合中心 centers = clf.cluster_centers_ #预测标签 pre_clu=clf.labels_ print(pre_clu) vmarker={0:'^',1:'s',2:'D',} mValue=[vmarker[i] for i in pre_clu] for _marker, _x, _y in zip(mValue, X_minmax[:,1],X_minmax[:,2]): plt.scatter(_x, _y,marker=_marker,c="grey") plt.scatter(centers[:,1],centers[:,2],marker="",s=200,c='black') plt.show() # 轮廓系统法最佳k值 def sc_k(): K = range(2, 10) score = [] for k in K: kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k) kmeans.fit(iris.data) score.append(silhouette_score(iris.data, kmeans.labels_, metric='euclidean')) plt.plot(K, score, 'r-') plt.xlabel('k') plt.ylabel(u'轮廓系数') plt.title(u'轮廓系数确定最佳的K值') plt.show() sc_k()

在这段代码中，使用了KMeans算法对iris数据进行聚类，计算不同K值下的轮廓系数，并将结果可视化。从图中可以看出，轮廓系数达到最大值时，对应的K值为2或3。因此，根据这段代码的聚类结果和轮廓系数法的求解结果，...

import numpy as np from sklearn.cluster import MiniBatchKMeans from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn import preprocessing import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pylab import mpl from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.metrics import silhouette_score from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist # 设置显示中文字体 mpl.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei"] # 设置正常显示符号 mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False np.random.seed(5) iris = load_iris() X = iris.data y = iris.target min_max_scaler = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler() X_minmax = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X) batch_size = 15 num_cluster = 3 clf = MiniBatchKMeans(n_clusters=num_cluster, batch_size=batch_size, init='random') clf.fit(X_minmax) centers = clf.cluster_centers_ pre_clu = clf.labels_ vmarker = {0: '^', 1: 's', 2: 'D', } mValue = [vmarker[i] for i in pre_clu] for _marker, _x, _y in zip(mValue, X_minmax[:, 1], X_minmax[:, 2]): plt.scatter(_x, _y, marker=_marker,c='grey') plt.scatter(centers[:, 1], centers[:, 2], marker='',s=200,c='black') plt.show() #手肘法则最佳k值 def sse_k(): K = range(1, 10) sse_result = [] for k in K: kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k) kmeans.fit(iris.data) sse_result.append(sum(np.min(cdist(iris.data, kmeans.cluster_centers_, 'euclidean'), axis=1)) / iris.data.shape[0]) plt.plot(K, sse_result, 'gx-') plt.xlabel('k') plt.ylabel(u'平均畸变程度') plt.title(u'肘部法则确定最佳的K值') plt.show() # 轮廓系统法最佳k值 def sc_k(): K = range(2, 10) score = [] for k in K: kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k) kmeans.fit(iris.data) score.append(silhouette_score(iris.data, kmeans.labels_, metric='euclidean')) plt.plot(K, score, 'r-') plt.xlabel('k') plt.ylabel(u'轮廓系数') plt.title(u'轮廓系数确定最佳的K值') plt.show() sse_k() sc_k()

最后，使用 matplotlib 绘制聚类散点图，其中每个数据点的颜色、形状表示它所属的聚类类别，聚类中心用星号标出。在绘制完聚类散点图之后，代码使用肘部法则和轮廓系数法来确定最佳的聚类数量 k。具体来说，肘部...

使用sklearn.cluster.KMeans对鸢尾花数据进行聚类

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.datasets import load_iris iris = load_iris() X = iris.data y = iris.target 接下来，我们需要选择聚类的数量。在这里，我们选择3个聚类中心。然后，我们...

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris data,target=load_iris(return_X_y=True) print('feature_value:',data.shape) print('target:',target) from sklearn.cluster import KMeans import numpy as np for i in range(0,30): kmeans=KMeans(n_clusters=3,max_iter=30,tol=0.0001, random_state=i).fit(data) label=kmeans.labels_ #print('label:',label) center=kmeans.cluster_centers_ #print('center:',center) predict=kmeans.predict(data) print('i=',i) print('predict:',predict) accuracy=np.mean(predict==target)100 print('accuracy',accuracy) #模型预测 predict=kmeans.predict(data) print('predict:',predict) import numpy as np accurancy=np.mean(predict==target)100 print('i=',i) print('accurancy',accurancy) import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import mglearn plt.figure(figsize=(10,8)) plt.subplot(221) mglearn.discrete_scatter(data[:,0],data[:,1],target,markers='^') plt.xlabel('data') plt.ylabel('origin') plt.subplot(222) mglearn.discrete_scatter(data[:,0],data[:,1],y_predict,markers='^') mglearn.discrete_scatter(kmeans.cluster_centers_[:,0],kmeans.cluster_centers_[:,1],[0,1,2],markers='o',markeredgewidth=2) plt.xlabel('data') plt.ylabel('y_predict') plt.show()写一下注释

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import mglearn plt.figure(figsize=(10,8)) plt.subplot(221) mglearn.discrete_scatter(data[:,0],data[:,1],target,markers='^') plt.xlabel('data') plt.ylabel('origin'...

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import xlutils import openpyxl import numpy as np import xlrd from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn import datasets wk = openpyxl.load_workbook("D:\localDirection\细分表格\X(28465-28775)\\531.xlsx") ws = wk.active data= xlrd.open_workbook('D:\localDirection\细分表格\X(28465-28775)\\531.xls') worksheet = data.sheet_by_name("Sheet1") X = data[:, :2] # #表示我们取特征空间中的4个维度 print(X.shape) # 绘制数据分布图 plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c="red", marker='o', label='see') plt.xlabel('sepal length') plt.ylabel('sepal width') plt.legend(loc=2) plt.show() estimator = KMeans(n_clusters=3) # 构造聚类器 estimator.fit(X) # 聚类 label_pred = estimator.labels_ # 获取聚类标签 # 绘制k-means结果 x0 = X[label_pred == 0] x1 = X[label_pred == 1] x2 = X[label_pred == 2] plt.scatter(x0[:, 0], x0[:, 1], c="red", marker='o', label='label0') plt.scatter(x1[:, 0], x1[:, 1], c="green", marker='*', label='label1') plt.scatter(x2[:, 0], x2[:, 1], c="blue", marker='+', label='label2') plt.xlabel('sepal length') plt.ylabel('sepal width') plt.legend(loc=2) plt.show()

- 第1行导入了 matplotlib.pyplot、xlutils、openpyxl、numpy、xlrd 等库 - 第2至9行分别打开 Excel 文件并读取数据，其中第6行使用了 xlrd 库的 sheet_by_name 函数获取工作表“Sheet1”中的数据 - 第10行使用 [:, ...

import time import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.cluster import MiniBatchKMeans, KMeans from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import pairwise_distances_argmin from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs # Generate sample data np.random.seed(0) batch_size = 45 centers = [[1, 1], [-1, -1], [1, -1]] n_clusters = len(centers) X, labels_true = make_blobs(n_samples=3000, centers=centers, cluster_std=0.7) # Compute clustering with Means k_means = KMeans(init='k-means++', n_clusters=3, n_init=10) t0 = time.time() k_means.fit(X) t_batch = time.time() - t0 # Compute clustering with MiniBatchKMeans mbk = MiniBatchKMeans(init='k-means++', n_clusters=3, batch_size=batch_size, n_init=10, max_no_improvement=10, verbose=0) t0 = time.time() mbk.fit(X) t_mini_batch = time.time() - t0 # Plot result fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 3)) fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.02, right=0.98, bottom=0.05, top=0.9) colors = ['#4EACC5', '#FF9C34', '#4E9A06'] # We want to have the same colors for the same cluster from the # MiniBatchKMeans and the KMeans algorithm. Let's pair the cluster centers per # closest one. k_means_cluster_centers = k_means.cluster_centers_ order = pairwise_distances_argmin(k_means.cluster_centers_, mbk.cluster_centers_) mbk_means_cluster_centers = mbk.cluster_centers_[order] k_means_labels = pairwise_distances_argmin(X, k_means_cluster_centers) mbk_means_labels = pairwise_distances_argmin(X, mbk_means_cluster_centers) # KMeans for k, col in zip(range(n_clusters), colors): my_members = k_means_labels == k cluster_center = k_means_cluster_centers[k] plt.plot(X[my_members, 0], X[my_members, 1], 'w', markerfacecolor=col, marker='.') plt.plot(cluster_center[0], cluster_center[1], 'o', markerfacecolor=col, markeredgecolor='k', markersize=6) plt.title('KMeans') plt.xticks(()) plt.yticks(()) plt.show() 这段代码每一句在干什么

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.cluster import MiniBatchKMeans, KMeans from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import pairwise_distances_argmin from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs 2. 生成...

import random import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 生成随机坐标点 def generate_points(num_points): points = [] for i in range(num_points): x = random.uniform(-10, 10) y = random.uniform(-10, 10) points.append([x, y]) return points 计算欧几里得距离 def euclidean_distance(point1, point2): return np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(np.array(point1) - np.array(point2)))) K-means算法实现 def kmeans(points, k, num_iterations=100): num_points = len(points) # 随机选择k个点作为初始聚类中心 centroids = random.sample(points, k) # 初始化聚类标签和距离 labels = np.zeros(num_points) distances = np.zeros((num_points, k)) for i in range(num_iterations): # 计算每个点到每个聚类中心的距离 for j in range(num_points): for l in range(k): distances[j][l] = euclidean_distance(points[j], centroids[l]) # 根据距离将点分配到最近的聚类中心 for j in range(num_points): labels[j] = np.argmin(distances[j]) # 更新聚类中心 for l in range(k): centroids[l] = np.mean([points[j] for j in range(num_points) if labels[j] == l], axis=0) return labels, centroids 生成坐标点 points = generate_points(100) 对点进行K-means聚类 k_values = [2, 3, 4] for k in k_values: labels, centroids = kmeans(points, k) # 绘制聚类结果 colors = [‘r’, ‘g’, ‘b’, ‘y’, ‘c’, ‘m’] for i in range(k): plt.scatter([points[j][0] for j in range(len(points)) if labels[j] == i], [points[j][1] for j in range(len(points)) if labels[j] == i], color=colors[i]) plt.scatter([centroid[0] for centroid in centroids], [centroid[1] for centroid in centroids], marker=‘x’, color=‘k’, s=100) plt.title(‘K-means clustering with k={}’.format(k)) plt.show()import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.datasets import load_iris 载入数据集 iris = load_iris() X = iris.data y = iris.target K-means聚类 kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3, random_state=0).fit(X) 可视化结果 plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=kmeans.labels_) plt.xlabel(‘Sepal length’) plt.ylabel(‘Sepal width’) plt.title(‘K-means clustering on iris dataset’) plt.show()从聚类算法的评价指标对结果进行分析

常用的聚类算法评价指标有以下几种： 1. SSE（Sum of Squared Errors）：簇内误差平方和，即簇内各点到簇中心的距离平方和，SSE越小表示簇内数据越紧密。 2. Silhouette Coefficient（轮廓系数）：用于衡量样本...

三种二维平面上的实验样本分布分别为圆环、月牙形状和高斯分布，请分别用 kmeans 和 DBSCAN 算法对它们进行聚类和可视化，并分析算法的聚类效果 (程序+聚类可视化结果 +算法分析) ：三种生成数据的代码如下： from sklearn.datasets import make_circles X,y = make_circles(n_samples=1000, factor=0.5, noise=0.05, random_state=15) from sklearn.datasets import make_moons X,y = make_moons(n_samples=1000, noise=0.05, random_state=15) from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs import numpy as np X1, y1 = make_blobs(n_samples=300, n_features=2, centers=[[0,0]], cluster_std=[1.2], random_state=15) X2, y2 = make_blobs(n_samples=700, n_features=2, centers=[[5,5]], cluster_std=[1.8], random_state=15) X = np.vstack((X1, X2))

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans, DBSCAN import matplotlib.pyplot as plt X,y = make_circles(n_samples=1000, factor=0.5, noise=0.05, random_state=15) # k-means clustering kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters...

使用sklearn.cluster中的聚类函数对本地文件中给定的玻璃数据集进行聚类，代码示例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Load data from local file data = np.loadtxt('glass.data', delimiter=',', dtype=float, usecols=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)) # Perform k-means clustering kmeans = KMeans(n_...

代码改进：import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs def distEclud(arrA,arrB): #欧氏距离 d = arrA - arrB dist = np.sum(np.power(d,2),axis=1) #差的平方的和 return dist def randCent(dataSet,k): #寻找质心 n = dataSet.shape[1] #列数 data_min = dataSet.min() data_max = dataSet.max() #生成k行n列处于data_min到data_max的质心 data_cent = np.random.uniform(data_min,data_max,(k,n)) return data_cent def kMeans(dataSet,k,distMeans = distEclud, createCent = randCent): x,y = make_blobs(centers=100)#生成k质心的数据 x = pd.DataFrame(x) m,n = dataSet.shape centroids = createCent(dataSet,k) #初始化质心,k即为初始化质心的总个数 clusterAssment = np.zeros((m,3)) #初始化容器 clusterAssment[:,0] = np.inf #第一列设置为无穷大 clusterAssment[:,1:3] = -1 #第二列放本次迭代点的簇编号，第三列存放上次迭代点的簇编号 result_set = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(dataSet), pd.DataFrame(clusterAssment)],axis = 1,ignore_index = True) #将数据进行拼接，横向拼接，即将该容器放在数据集后面 clusterChanged = True while clusterChanged: clusterChanged = False for i in range(m): dist = distMeans(dataSet.iloc[i,:n].values,centroids) #计算点到质心的距离（即每个值到质心的差的平方和） result_set.iloc[i,n] = dist.min() #放入距离的最小值 result_set.iloc[i,n+1] = np.where(dist == dist.min())[0] #放入距离最小值的质心标号 clusterChanged = not (result_set.iloc[:,-1] == result_set.iloc[:,-2]).all() if clusterChanged: cent_df = result_set.groupby(n+1).mean() #按照当前迭代的数据集的分类，进行计算每一类中各个属性的平均值 centroids = cent_df.iloc[:,:n].values #当前质心 result_set.iloc[:,-1] = result_set.iloc[:,-2] #本次质心放到最后一列里 return centroids, result_set x = np.random.randint(0,100,size=100) y = np.random.randint(0,100,size=100) randintnum=pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(x), pd.DataFrame(y)],axis = 1,ignore_index = True) #randintnum_test, randintnum_test = kMeans(randintnum,3) #plt.scatter(randintnum_test.iloc[:,0],randintnum_test.iloc[:,1],c=randintnum_test.iloc[:,-1]) #result_test,cent_test = kMeans(data, 4) cent_test,result_test = kMeans(randintnum, 3) plt.scatter(result_test.iloc[:,0],result_test.iloc[:,1],c=result_test.iloc[:,-1]) plt.scatter(cent_test[:,0],cent_test[:,1],color = 'red',marker = 'x',s=100)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist def randCent(dataSet, k): """ 随机生成k个质心 """ n = dataSet.shape[1] # 列数 ...

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