transformer模型 tensorflow实现

这里是一个简单的Transformer模型的TensorFlow实现，仅供参考：

import tensorflow as tf

class MultiHeadAttention(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads):
        super(MultiHeadAttention, self).__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.d_model = d_model
        
        assert d_model % self.num_heads == 0
        
        self.depth = d_model // self.num_heads
        
        self.wq = tf.keras.layers.Dense(d_model)
        self.wk = tf.keras.layers.Dense(d_model)
        self.wv = tf.keras.layers.Dense(d_model)
        
        self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(d_model)
        
    def split_heads(self, x, batch_size):
        x = tf.reshape(x, (batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.depth))
        return tf.transpose(x, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
    
    def call(self, q, k, v, mask):
        batch_size = tf.shape(q)[0]
        
        q = self.wq(q)
        k = self.wk(k)
        v = self.wv(v)
        
        q = self.split_heads(q, batch_size)
        k = self.split_heads(k, batch_size)
        v = self.split_heads(v, batch_size)
        
        scaled_attention, attention_weights = scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, mask)
        
        scaled_attention = tf.transpose(scaled_attention, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
        
        concat_attention = tf.reshape(scaled_attention, (batch_size, -1, self.d_model))
        
        output = self.dense(concat_attention)
        
        return output, attention_weights

def scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, mask):
    matmul_qk = tf.matmul(q, k, transpose_b=True)
    
    dk = tf.cast(tf.shape(k)[-1], tf.float32)
    scaled_attention_logits = matmul_qk / tf.math.sqrt(dk)
    
    if mask is not None:
        scaled_attention_logits += (mask * -1e9)
        
    attention_weights = tf.nn.softmax(scaled_attention_logits, axis=-1)
    
    output = tf.matmul(attention_weights, v)
    
    return output, attention_weights

class EncoderLayer(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads, dff, rate=0.1):
        super(EncoderLayer, self).__init__()
        
        self.mha = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads)
        self.ffn = point_wise_feed_forward_network(d_model, dff)
        
        self.layernorm1 = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        self.layernorm2 = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        
        self.dropout1 = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(rate)
        self.dropout2 = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(rate)
        
    def call(self, x, training, mask):
        attn_output, _ = self.mha(x, x, x, mask)
        attn_output = self.dropout1(attn_output, training=training)
        out1 = self.layernorm1(x + attn_output)
        
        ffn_output = self.ffn(out1)
        ffn_output = self.dropout2(ffn_output, training=training)
        out2 = self.layernorm2(out1 + ffn_output)
        
        return out2

def point_wise_feed_forward_network(d_model, dff):
    return tf.keras.Sequential([
        tf.keras.layers.Dense(dff, activation='relu'),
        tf.keras.layers.Dense(d_model)
    ])

class Encoder(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, maximum_position_encoding, rate=0.1):
        super(Encoder, self).__init__()

        self.d_model = d_model
        self.num_layers = num_layers
        
        self.embedding = tf.keras.layers.Embedding(input_vocab_size, d_model)
        self.pos_encoding = positional_encoding(maximum_position_encoding, self.d_model)
        
        self.enc_layers = [EncoderLayer(d_model, num_heads, dff, rate) for _ in range(num_layers)]
        
        self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(rate)
        
    def call(self, x, training, mask):
        seq_len = tf.shape(x)[1]
        
        x = self.embedding(x)
        x *= tf.math.sqrt(tf.cast(self.d_model, tf.float32))
        x += self.pos_encoding[:, :seq_len, :]
        
        x = self.dropout(x, training=training)
        
        for i in range(self.num_layers):
            x = self.enc_layers[i](x, training, mask)
            
        return x

def positional_encoding(position, d_model):
    angle_rads = get_angles(np.arange(position)[:, np.newaxis], np.arange(d_model)[np.newaxis, :], d_model)
    
    # apply sin to even indices in the array; 2i
    sines = np.sin(angle_rads[:, 0::2])
    
    # apply cos to odd indices in the array; 2i+1
    cosines = np.cos(angle_rads[:, 1::2])
    
    pos_encoding = np.concatenate([sines, cosines], axis=-1)
    
    pos_encoding = pos_encoding[np.newaxis, ...]
    
    return tf.cast(pos_encoding, dtype=tf.float32)

def get_angles(pos, i, d_model):
    angle_rates = 1 / np.power(10000, (2 * (i // 2)) / np.float32(d_model))
    return pos * angle_rates

class Transformer(tf.keras.Model):
    def __init__(self, num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, maximum_position_encoding, rate=0.1):
        super(Transformer, self).__init__()

        self.encoder = Encoder(num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, maximum_position_encoding, rate)
        
        self.final_layer = tf.keras.layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')
        
    def call(self, inp, training, enc_padding_mask):
        enc_output = self.encoder(inp, training, enc_padding_mask)
        
        final_output = self.final_layer(enc_output)
        
        return final_output

这个模型包括了Transformer中的self-attention和feed-forward layers，可以作为一个encoder使用。可以根据需要进行修改和扩展。