用python写俄罗斯方块小游戏

好的，下面是使用Python实现俄罗斯方块游戏的代码和说明。

首先，我们需要安装Pygame库，Pygame是Python的一个第三方库，用于开发2D游戏。

pip install pygame

接下来，我们可以开始编写代码。下面是完整代码：

import pygame
import random

pygame.init()

# 设置游戏窗口大小
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))

# 设置游戏标题
pygame.display.set_caption("俄罗斯方块")

# 定义方块大小和行列数
block_size = 30
col_count = screen_width // block_size
row_count = screen_height // block_size

# 定义方块颜色
colors = [
    (0, 0, 0),
    (255, 0, 0),
    (0, 255, 0),
    (0, 0, 255),
    (255, 255, 0),
    (255, 0, 255),
    (0, 255, 255),
    (192, 192, 192)
]

# 定义方块形状
shapes = [
    [[1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0]],
    [[2, 2, 0], [0, 2, 2]],
    [[3, 3, 3, 3]],
    [[4, 4], [4, 4]],
    [[0, 5, 5], [5, 5, 0]],
    [[6, 6, 6], [6, 0, 0]],
    [[7, 7, 7], [0, 0, 7]],
]

# 定义方块类
class Block:
    def __init__(self, x, y, shape):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.shape = shape
        self.color = colors[shape[0][0]]
        
    def draw(self, surface):
        for i in range(len(self.shape)):
            for j in range(len(self.shape[i])):
                if self.shape[i][j] != 0:
                    pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.color, (self.x+j*block_size, self.y+i*block_size, block_size, block_size))
        
    def move(self, dx, dy):
        self.x += dx
        self.y += dy
        
    def rotate(self):
        new_shape = []
        for i in range(len(self.shape[0])):
            new_row = []
            for j in range(len(self.shape)):
                new_row.append(self.shape[len(self.shape)-j-1][i])
            new_shape.append(new_row)
        self.shape = new_shape

# 定义游戏状态
score = 0
game_over = False
fall_speed = 0.5
fall_speed_counter = 0
current_block = Block(col_count//2*block_size, 0, random.choice(shapes))
next_block = Block(col_count*block_size, 0, random.choice(shapes))

# 游戏循环
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                current_block.move(-block_size, 0)
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                current_block.move(block_size, 0)
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                current_block.move(0, block_size)
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                current_block.rotate()
    
    screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
    
    # 绘制方块
    current_block.draw(screen)
    next_block.draw(screen)
    
    # 计算方块下落
    fall_speed_counter += fall_speed
    if fall_speed_counter >= 1:
        fall_speed_counter = 0
        current_block.move(0, block_size)
    
    # 判断方块是否到达底部
    if current_block.y + len(current_block.shape)*block_size >= screen_height:
        # 将当前方块加入游戏区域
        for i in range(len(current_block.shape)):
            for j in range(len(current_block.shape[i])):
                if current_block.shape[i][j] != 0:
                    x = current_block.x + j*block_size
                    y = current_block.y + i*block_size
                    pygame.draw.rect(screen, current_block.color, (x, y, block_size, block_size))
        # 判断是否有行被填满
        for i in range(row_count):
            if all(screen.get_at((j*block_size+block_size//2, i*block_size+block_size//2)) != (255, 255, 255) for j in range(col_count)):
                # 删除该行
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), (0, i*block_size, screen_width, block_size))
                # 将该行上方的所有方块下移
                for j in range(i, 0, -1):
                    for k in range(col_count):
                        screen.set_at((k*block_size+block_size//2, j*block_size+block_size//2), screen.get_at((k*block_size+block_size//2, (j-1)*block_size+block_size//2)))
                # 计分
                score += 10
        # 生成下一个方块
        current_block = next_block
        next_block = Block(col_count*block_size, 0, random.choice(shapes))
        # 判断游戏是否结束
        if any(screen.get_at((j*block_size+block_size//2, 0+block_size//2)) != (255, 255, 255) for j in range(col_count)):
            game_over = True
    
    # 绘制分数
    font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)
    text = font.render("Score: " + str(score), True, (0, 0, 0))
    screen.blit(text, (10, 10))
    
    pygame.display.update()

pygame.quit()

代码注释已经比较详细了，这里简单说明一下游戏的实现。

游戏界面分为两部分，左边是游戏区域，右边是下一个方块的预览区域。

游戏循环中，首先处理用户的输入事件，然后绘制当前方块和下一个方块的形状，接着计算方块的下落速度，当方块到达底部时，将当前方块加入游戏区域中，判断是否有行被填满，如果有，则删除该行并计分，将该行上方的所有方块下移。如果游戏区域顶部有方块，则游戏结束。

以上就是使用Python实现俄罗斯方块游戏的代码和说明。