stm32hal库 pca9685
时间: 2025-01-05 21:34:25 浏览: 12
### STM32 HAL库中使用PCA9685的方法
为了在STM32 HAL库环境中成功集成并操作PCA9685 PWM控制器,需理解HAL库的基础结构及其与I²C通信协议的交互方式。PCA9685通过I²C接口接收来自STM32的数据指令以调整各通道PWM信号参数。
#### 初始化设置
初始化阶段涉及配置I²C外设及设定PCA9685的基本工作模式。这通常包括定义时钟频率、开启或关闭自动增量功能等。对于基于STM32 HAL库的应用来说,这部分可以通过调用`HAL_I2C_Init()`完成初步配置,并利用特定于PCA9685的操作命令进一步定制化设置[^1]。
```c
// I2C Handle structure definition
I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;
void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 0 */
hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
hi2c1.Init.Timing = 0x20909CEC;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
```
#### 配置PCA9685
接下来是对PCA9685的具体配置过程,主要包括:
- 设置振荡器频率;
- 启动PCA9685内部时钟源;
- 调整LED输出寄存器值来改变PWM周期内的占空比;
上述步骤可通过发送相应的控制字节至指定寄存器位置实现。例如,在启动PCA9685之前应先向模式寄存器写入适当数值以便正确同步外部时钟输入[^4]。
```c
#define PCA9685_MODE1 ((uint8_t)0x00)
#define PCA9685_PRESCALE ((uint8_t)0xFE)
static void pca9685_set_prescaler(I2C_HandleTypeDef *i2cx, uint8_t address, float freq){
uint8_t prescale_val;
// Calculate the Prescale value based on desired frequency and internal oscillator of 25MHz.
prescale_val = round(25000000 / (4096 * freq)) - 1;
// Write to Mode Register to set SLEEP bit high before changing PRE_SCALE register
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(i2cx, address << 1, PCA9685_MODE1, 1, &mode_reg_sleep_bit_high, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
// Change PRE_SCALE register with calculated value
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(i2cx, address << 1, PCA9685_PRESCALE, 1, &prescale_val, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
// Clear SLEEP bit after setting new PRE_SCALE value
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(i2cx, address << 1, PCA9685_MODE1, 1, &mode_reg_sleep_bit_low, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
}
static void pca9685_init(I2C_HandleTypeDef *i2cx, uint8_t address){
// Initialize PCA9685 by writing default values into its registers...
}
```
#### 控制PWM输出
一旦完成了以上准备工作,则可以开始编写用于调节各个PWM通道输出水平的功能函数。这里展示了一种简单的方式——通过修改LED ON/OFF时间点(即起始时间和结束时间),从而达到动态调整脉宽的目的[^2]。
```c
#define LED0_ON_L ((uint8_t)0x06)
#define LED0_OFF_L ((uint8_t)0x0A)
/**
* @brief Set PWM duty cycle for a specific channel
*/
static void pca9685_set_pwm_channel(I2C_HandleTypeDef *i2cx, uint8_t address, uint8_t chnl, int on_value, int off_value){
uint8_t reg_addr[] = {LED0_ON_L + 4*chnl, LED0_ON_L+1 + 4*chnl,
LED0_OFF_L + 4*chnl, LED0_OFF_L+1 + 4*chnl};
uint8_t data[4];
data[0] = (on_value)&0xFF; // Low byte of 'ON' time
data[1] = (on_value)>>8; // High byte of 'ON' time
data[2] = (off_value)&0xFF; // Low byte of 'OFF' time
data[3] = (off_value)>>8; // High byte of 'OFF' time
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(i2cx, address<<1, data, sizeof(data), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
}
```
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