ROS2将xacro文件转为urdf并加载入gazebo,要求用launch文件以及python写代码
时间: 2024-10-09 13:03:42 浏览: 55
ROS2 (Robot Operating System) 的版本2引入了新的体系结构,其中模型描述通常使用 xacro (XML macros) 文件来创建URDF (Unified Robot Description Format) 文件,这是一种标准的方式来表示机器人的结构、链接和传感器等信息。
要在ROS2中使用launch文件配合Python代码将xacro转换为urdf并在Gazebo中加载,你可以按照以下步骤操作:
1. **准备xacro文件**:首先,你需要有一个.xacro文件作为模板,定义机器人的几何结构。例如,`my_robot.xacro`:
```xml
<robot name="my_robot">
<link name="base_link"/>
<!-- 更多链接定义 -->
</robot>
```
2. **编写Python脚本**:利用ros2的`rvizpy`或`urdfdom_py`库,可以动态生成URDF。下面是一个简单的例子,假设已经安装了相应的库:
```python
import os
from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory
from urdfdom_py.urdf import URDF
def generate_urdf(xacro_file):
# 解析xacro到urdf
package_dir = get_package_share_directory('your_package_name')
full_xacro_path = os.path.join(package_dir, 'urdf', xacro_file)
with open(full_xacro_path, 'r') as f:
robot_description = f.read()
urdf_model = URDF.from_xml_string(robot_description)
return urdf_model.to_ros()
# 使用生成的urdf文件
generated_urdf = generate_urdf('my_robot.xacro')
# 将urdf加载到gazebo中
from gazebo_msgs.srv import SpawnEntity
spawn_entity_service = '/gazebo/spawn_sdf_model'
spawn_client = node.create_client(SpawnEntity, spawn_entity_service)
request = SpawnEntity.Request()
request.model_name = 'my_robot'
request.model_xml = generated_urdf.to_xml() # 将urdf转换为字符串
response = await spawn_client.call_async(request)
if not response.success:
print(f"Failed to spawn model: {response.message}")
```
3. **在launch文件中调用**:在你的`launch.py`文件里,可以用`ExecuteProcess`节点运行Python脚本,并在完成之后启动Gazebo:
```python
from launch.actions import ExecuteProcess
from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration
from launch_ros.actions import Node
...
# Python script to generate and load urdf
generate_and_load_script = ExecuteProcess(
cmd=[
'python3', 'your_script.py',
LaunchConfiguration('xacro_file'),
],
output='screen',
env={
'YOUR_PACKAGE_NAME': 'your_package_name', # 替换为实际的包名
},
)
# Gazebo launch actions
...
await generate_and_load_script_future
gazebo_node = Node(
package='gazebo_ros',
executable='gzserver',
arguments=['-s', 'worlds/your_world.world'], # 替换为你的世界文件
)
gazebo_spawner = Node(
package='gazebo_ros',
executable='gzclient',
)
...
```
记得替换上述示例中的`your_package_name`, `xacro_file`, 和相关路径。运行这个launch文件即可看到你的机器人模型在Gazebo环境中加载。
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