以下代码是什么意思：vectors = np.array([[1, 2, 0], [0, 2, 3], [4, 0, 3], [1, 1, 1]])

class SVDRecommender: def init(self, k=50, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): self.k = k self.ncv = ncv self.tol = tol self.which = which self.v0 = v0 self.maxiter = maxiter self.return_singular_vectors = return_singular_vectors self.solver = solver def svds(self, A): if self.which == 'LM': largest = True elif self.which == 'SM': largest = False else: raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if self.k <= 0 or self.k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % self.k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) #获得隐式定义的格拉米矩阵的低秩近似。 eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=self.k, tol=self.tol ** 2, maxiter=self.maxiter, ncv=self.ncv, which=self.which, v0=self.v0) #格拉米矩阵有实非负特征值。 eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) #使用来自pinvh的小特征值的复数检测。 t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) #获得一个指示哪些本征对不是简并微小的掩码， #并为阈值奇异值创建一个重新排序数组。 above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = self.k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not self.return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if self.return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if self.return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh def _augmented_orthonormal_cols(U, n): if U.shape[0] <= n: return U Q, R = np.linalg.qr(U) return Q[:, :n] def _augmented_orthonormal_rows(V, n): if V.shape[1] <= n: return V Q, R = np.linalg.qr(V.T) return Q[:, :n].T def _herm(x): return np.conjugate(x.T) 将上述代码修改为使用LM，迭代器使用arpack

将代码修改为使用LM和迭代器使用arpack的方法如下： python class SVDRecommender: def __init__(self, k=50, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='...

# draw support vectors if support_vec is not None: sc = ax.scatter(support_vec[:, 0], support_vec[:, 1], s=40, marker='o') sc.set_facecolor('none') sc.set_edgecolor('r') # draw hyper plane step = 0.5 x = np.arange(x_min, x_max, step) y = np.arange(y_min, y_max, step) X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y) input_data = np.array(list(zip(X.reshape(-1), Y.reshape(-1))), dtype=np.float32) if choice == 4: z = model4.predict(input_data) elif choice == 1 or choice == 2: z = model(input_data) elif choice == 3: z = model3(input_data) else: z = None Z = z.reshape(X.shape) ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, alpha=0.1) plt.show() pass，这段代码的含义是什么

这段代码是用来在绘图画布上绘制支持向量和分类超平面的。具体来说，它实现了以下几个功能： 1. 如果支持向量不为空，就调用scatter函数绘制支持向量，并设置支持向量的填充色为无色，边框色为红色。 2. 根据...

class SVDRecommender: def init(self, k=50, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): self.k = k self.ncv = ncv self.tol = tol self.which = which self.v0 = v0 self.maxiter = maxiter self.return_singular_vectors = return_singular_vectors self.solver = solver def svds(self, A): if which == 'LM': largest = True elif which == 'SM': largest = False else: raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if k <= 0 or k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) # Get a low rank approximation of the implicitly defined gramian matrix. eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=k, tol=tol ** 2, maxiter=maxiter, ncv=ncv, which=which, v0=v0) # Gramian matrix has real non-negative eigenvalues. eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) # Use complex detection of small eigenvalues from pinvh. t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) # Get a mask indicating which eigenpairs are not degenerate tiny, # and create a reordering array for thresholded singular values. above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh将这段代码放入一个.py文件中，用Spyder查看，有报错，可能是缩进有问题，无法被调用，根据这个问题，给出解决办法，给出改正后的完整代码

好的，根据你提供的代码，我发现其中存在一些缩进错误，导致代码无法运行。下面是修改后的完整代码，请注意缩进： python import numpy as np from scipy.sparse.linalg import eigsh, LinearOperator from ...

X = np.array(data)[:,1:-1].astype(float) c = target2idx(data['target']) y = convert_to_vectors(c)什么意思

- np.array(data)[:,1:-1] 表示将 data 数据集中除了第一列和最后一列（即特征和目标列）之外的所有数据转换成一个 NumPy 数组，astype(float) 则表示将这些数据转换成浮点数类型。 - target2idx(data['...

class svd_recommender_py(): #svd矩阵推荐 def svds(A, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): if which == 'LM': largest = True elif which == 'SM': largest = False else: raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if k <= 0 or k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) # Get a low rank approximation of the implicitly defined gramian matrix. #获得隐式定义的格拉米矩阵的低秩近似。 #这不是解决问题的稳定方法。 solver == 'arpack' eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=k, tol=tol ** 2, maxiter=maxiter, ncv=ncv, which=which, v0=v0) #格拉米矩阵具有实非负特征值。 eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) #使用来自pinvh的小特征值的复杂检测。 t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) #得到一个指示哪些本征对不是退化微小的掩码， #并创建阈值奇异值的重新排序数组。 above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh这段代码主要是为了将scipy包中的SVD计算方法封装成一个自定义类，是否封装合适？如果不合适，给出修改后的完整代码

以下是一个完整的代码示例： python import numpy as np from scipy.sparse.linalg import eigsh from scipy.sparse.linalg import LinearOperator from scipy.sparse import isspmatrix, is_pydata_spmatrix ...

Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2.2/Project/WordDict/newsim.py", line 389, in <module> seed_vectors = np.reshape(np.array(seed_vectors), (seed_vectors.shape[0], -1)) AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'shape' 又报错了

seed_vectors = np.reshape(np.array(seed_vectors), (len(seed_vectors), -1)) similarities = cosine_similarity(seed_vectors + corpus_vectors) else: similarities = cosine_similarity(corpus_vectors) ...

from scipy.sparse.linalg import eigsh, LinearOperator from scipy.sparse import isspmatrix, is_pydata_spmatrix class SVDRecommender: def init(self, k=50, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): self.k = k self.ncv = ncv self.tol = tol self.which = which self.v0 = v0 self.maxiter = maxiter self.return_singular_vectors = return_singular_vectors self.solver = solver def svds(self, A): if self.which == 'LM': largest = True elif self.which == 'SM': largest = False else: raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if self.k <= 0 or self.k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % self.k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) #获得隐式定义的格拉米矩阵的低秩近似。 eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=self.k, tol=self.tol ** 2, maxiter=self.maxiter, ncv=self.ncv, which=self.which, v0=self.v0) #格拉米矩阵有实非负特征值。 eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) #使用来自pinvh的小特征值的复数检测。 t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) #获得一个指示哪些本征对不是简并微小的掩码， #并为阈值奇异值创建一个重新排序数组。 above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = self.k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not self.return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if self.return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if self.return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh def _augmented_orthonormal_cols(U, n): if U.shape[0] <= n: return U Q, R = np.linalg.qr(U) return Q[:, :n] def _augmented_orthonormal_rows(V, n): if V.shape[1] <= n: return V Q, R = np.linalg.qr(V.T) return Q[:, :n].T def _herm(x): return np.conjugate(x.T)这段代码在largest = False处报错了，报错信息为：Local variable 'largest' is assigned to but never used (pyfLakes E)如何改正

这个错误是因为在代码中设置了一个变量 largest，但是在后面的代码中没有使用到它。为了避免这个错误，可以将 largest 变量的定义和使用放在一起，例如可以将下面这段代码： if self.which == 'LM': ...

k = 3 rnd = 0 ROUND_LIMIT = 10 THRESHOLD = 1e-10 melons = [] clusters = [] f = open('melons.txt', 'r') for line in f: melons.append(np.array(line.split(' '), dtype = np.string_).astype(np.float64)) mean_vectors = random.sample(melons, k) while True: rnd += 1 change = 0 clusters = [] for i in range(k): clusters.append([]) for melon in melons: c = np.argmin( list(map( lambda vec: np.linalg.norm(melon - vec, ord = 2), mean_vectors)) ) clusters[c].append(melon) for i in range(k): new_vector = np.zeros((1,2)) for melon in clusters[i]: new_vector += melon new_vector /= len(clusters[i]) change += np.linalg.norm(mean_vectors[i] - new_vector, ord = 2) mean_vectors[i] = new_vector if rnd > ROUND_LIMIT or change < THRESHOLD: break print('最终迭代%d轮'%rnd) colors = ['red', 'green', 'black'] for i, col in zip(range(k), colors): for melon in clusters[i]: plt.scatter(melon[0], melon[1], color = col) plt.show()

这段代码是 K-means 聚类算法的实现，它的作用是将 melons.txt 文件中的数据分成 k 个簇。其中，k=3 表示聚成三个簇，ROUND_LIMIT=10 表示最多迭代十次，THRESHOLD=1e-10 表示当簇中心向量的变化小于 1e-10 时停止...

import osimport jiebaimport numpy as npfrom sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNBfrom sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score# 定义常量data_dir = './data'stopwords_path = './stopwords.txt'category_names = ['文学', '教育', '计算机', '医学', '体育']# 加载停用词stopwords = set()with open(stopwords_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: for line in f: stopwords.add(line.strip())# 加载语料库，构建训练集和测试集train_data = []train_labels = []test_data = []test_labels = []for i, category_name in enumerate(category_names): category_dir = os.path.join(data_dir, category_name) file_names = os.listdir(category_dir) for j, file_name in enumerate(file_names): with open(os.path.join(category_dir, file_name), 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: content = f.read() words = [word for word in jieba.cut(content) if word not in stopwords] if j < 3: test_data.append(words) test_labels.append(i) else: train_data.append(words) train_labels.append(i)# 构建词汇表vocab = set()for document in train_data: vocab |= set(document)vocab = list(vocab)vocab.sort()# 构建文档向量def document2vector(document, vocab): vector = np.zeros(len(vocab)) for word in document: if word in vocab: vector[vocab.index(word)] += 1 return vectortrain_vectors = np.array([document2vector(document, vocab) for document in train_data])test_vectors = np.array([document2vector(document, vocab) for document in test_data])# 训练朴素贝叶斯分类器clf = MultinomialNB()clf.fit(train_vectors, train_labels)# 测试分类器predicted_labels = clf.predict(test_vectors)# 评估分类器accuracy = accuracy_score(test_labels, predicted_labels)print('Accuracy:', accuracy)

这段代码实现了一个基于朴素贝叶斯分类器的文本分类器，主要分为以下几个步骤： 1. 加载停用词文件，并存储在一个集合中。 2. 加载语料库，并将每个文档进行分词，去除停用词，并将前三个文档作为测试集，其余的...

# -- coding: utf-8 -- """ Created on Fri Apr 23 21:10:25 2021 例题：我们把（2,0），（0,2），（0,0）这三个点当作类别1；（3,0），（0,3），（3,3）这三个点当作类别2，训练好SVM分类器之后，我们预测（-1，-1），（4，4）这两个点所属的类别。 @author: Administrator """ import numpy as np from sklearn.svm import SVC import matplotlib.pyplot as plt data = np.array([[2,0,1],[0,2,1],[0,0,1],[3,0,2],[0,3,2],[3,3,2]]) x = np.array(data[:, 0:2]) y = np.array(data[:,2]) model = SVC(kernel='linear') model.fit(x,y) # ============================================================================= # print(model.dual_coef_) #决策函数中支持向量的系数 # print(model.coef_) #赋予特征的权重（原始问题中的系数）。这仅适用于线性内核 # print(model.intercept_) # 决策函数中的常量 # print(model.support_) #支持向量索引 # print(model.n_support_) #每一类的支持向量数目 print(model.support_vectors_) #支持向量 # ============================================================================= Cp = [[-1,-1],[4,4]] pre = model.predict(Cp) #对Cp中的点进行类别预测 print(pre) plt.scatter(x[:, 0], x[:, 1], c=y, s=30, cmap=plt.cm.Paired) # plot the decision function ax = plt.gca() xlim = ax.get_xlim() ylim = ax.get_ylim() # create grid to evaluate model xx = np.linspace(xlim[0], xlim[1], 30) yy = np.linspace(ylim[0], ylim[1], 30) YY, XX = np.meshgrid(yy, xx) xy = np.vstack([XX.ravel(), YY.ravel()]).T Z = model.decision_function(xy).reshape(XX.shape) # plot decision boundary and margins ax.contour(XX, YY, Z, colors='k', levels=[0], alpha=1, linestyles=['-']) # plot support vectors ax.scatter(model.support_vectors_[:, 0], model.support_vectors_[:, 1], s=100, linewidth=1, facecolors='none', edgecolors='k') plt.show()代码解释

data = np.array([[2,0,1],[0,2,1],[0,0,1],[3,0,2],[0,3,2],[3,3,2]]) x = np.array(data[:, 0:2]) #特征 y = np.array(data[:,2]) #标签这里的数据集是一个二维的点集，其中前两列是特征，第三列是标签。 3...

from scipy.sparse.linalg import eigsh, LinearOperator from scipy.sparse import isspmatrix, is_pydata_spmatrix class SVDRecommender: def init(self, k=50, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): self.k = k self.ncv = ncv self.tol = tol self.which = which self.v0 = v0 self.maxiter = maxiter self.return_singular_vectors = return_singular_vectors self.solver = solver def svds(self, A): largest = self.which == 'LM' if not largest and self.which != 'SM': raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if self.k <= 0 or self.k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % self.k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=self.k, tol=self.tol ** 2, maxiter=self.maxiter, ncv=self.ncv, which=self.which, v0=self.v0) eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = self.k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not self.return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if self.return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if self.return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh def _augmented_orthonormal_cols(U, n): if U.shape[0] <= n: return U Q, R = np.linalg.qr(U) return Q[:, :n] def _augmented_orthonormal_rows(V, n): if V.shape[1] <= n: return V Q, R = np.linalg.qr(V.T) return Q[:, :n].T def _herm(x): return np.conjugate(x.T)这段代码中使用的scipy包太旧了，导致会出现报错信息为：cannot import name 'is_pydata_spmatrix' from 'scipy.sparse' (D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\scipy\sparse_init.py)，将这段代码修改为使用最新版的scipy包

首先需要将代码中的is_pydata_spmatrix替换为isspmatrix_csr。同时需要将代码开头的导入语句修改为from scipy.sparse.linalg import eigsh, LinearOperator from scipy.sparse import isspmatrix_csr。

Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2.2/Project/WordDict/newsim.py", line 389, in <module> seed_vectors = np.reshape(seed_vectors, (seed_vectors.shape[0], -1)) AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'shape' 又报错了

这个错误的原因是 seed_vectors 是一个列表对象，没有 shape 属性。reshape() 函数需要的是一个 ...seed_vectors = np.reshape(seed_vectors, (seed_vectors.shape[0], -1)) 这样应该就可以解决这个错误了。

import scipy.io as scio import numpy as np from sklearn.decomposition import PCA from sklearn import svm import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import random from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs test_data = scio.loadmat('D:\\python-text\\AllData.mat') train_data = scio.loadmat('D:\\python-text\\label.mat') print(test_data) print(train_data) data2 = np.concatenate((test_data['B021FFT0'], test_data['IR007FFT0']), axis=0) data3 = train_data['label'] print(data2) print(data3) # print(type(data3)) # print(data4) # print(type(data4)) data2 = data2.tolist() data2 = random.sample(data2, 200) data2 = np.array(data2) data3 = data3.tolist() data3 = random.sample(data3, 200) data3 = np.array(data3) # data4,data3= make_blobs(random_state=6) print(data2) print(data3) # print(type(data3)) # 创建一个高斯内核的支持向量机模型 clf = svm.SVC(kernel='rbf', C=1000) clf.fit(data2,data3.reshape(-1)) pca = PCA(n_components=2) # 加载PCA算法，设置降维后主成分数目为2 pca.fit(data2) # 对样本进行降维 data4 = pca.transform(data2) # 以散点图的形式把数据画出来 plt.scatter(data4[:, 0], data4[:, 1], c=data3,s=30, cmap=plt.cm.Paired) # 建立图像坐标 axis = plt.gca() xlim = axis.get_xlim() ylim = axis.get_ylim() # 生成两个等差数列 xx = np.linspace(xlim[0], xlim[1], 30) yy = np.linspace(ylim[0], ylim[1], 30) # print("xx:", xx) # print("yy:", yy) # 生成一个由xx和yy组成的网格 X, Y = np.meshgrid(xx, yy) # print("X:", X) # print("Y:", Y) # 将网格展平成一个二维数组xy xy = np.vstack([X.ravel(), Y.ravel()]).T Z = clf.decision_function(xy).reshape(X.shape) # 画出分界线 axis.contour(X, Y, Z, colors='k', levels=[-1, 0, 1], alpha=0.5, linestyles=['--', '-', '--']) axis.scatter(clf.support_vectors_[:, 0], clf.support_vectors_[:, 1], s=100,linewidth=1, facecolors='none') plt.show()修改一下错误

根据你提供的代码，可能存在以下几个问题： 1. 在导入make_blobs时没有使用，可以删除或注释掉相关代码： from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs # ... # data4,data3= make_blobs(random_state=6) 2. ...

import numpy as np # 定义坐标信息 points = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]) # 生成所有点两两组合的向量 x, y, z = np.meshgrid(points[:, 0], points[:, 1], points[:, 2], indexing='ij') vectors = np.stack((x.ravel(), y.ravel(), z.ravel()), axis=1) - np.stack((x.ravel(), y.ravel(), z.ravel()), axis=0) # 判断每个向量是否平行于x-y面、x-z面或y-z面 parallel_xy = np.abs(vectors[:, 2]) < 1e-10 parallel_xz = np.abs(vectors[:, 1]) < 1e-10 parallel_yz = np.abs(vectors[:, 0]) < 1e-10 # 输出结果 print("平行于x-y面的向量：") print(vectors[parallel_xy]) print("平行于x-z面的向量：") print(vectors[parallel_xz]) print("平行于y-z面的向量：") print(vectors[parallel_yz])

这段代码的作用是生成给定坐标信息的所有点两两之间的...需要注意的是，代码中判断向量是否平行于某个面的条件使用了一个很小的数1e-10，这是由于浮点数计算的精度问题可能导致实际上非常接近于0的数被误判为不等于0。

以下代码是什么意思：vectors = np.array([[1, 2, 0], [0, 2, 3], [4, 0, 3], [1, 1, 1]])

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X = np.array(data)[:,1:-1].astype(float) c = target2idx(data['target']) y = convert_to_vectors(c)什么意思

Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2.2/Project/WordDict/newsim.py", line 389, in <module> seed_vectors = np.reshape(np.array(seed_vectors), (seed_vectors.shape[0], -1)) AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'shape' 又报错了

Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2.2/Project/WordDict/newsim.py", line 389, in <module> seed_vectors = np.reshape(seed_vectors, (seed_vectors.shape[0], -1)) AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'shape' 又报错了

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