import itertools import warnings import pandas as pd import numpy as np import statsmodels.api as sm from datetime import datetime from statsmodels.tsa.arima.model import ARIMA from statsmodels.graphics.tsaplots import plot_acf, plot_pacf from statsmodels.stats.diagnostic import acorr_ljungbox from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split data = pd.read_csv('data.csv', parse_dates=['x'], index_col='x') train_data1, test_data = train_test_split(data1, test_size=0.3, shuffle=False) data['lag1'] = data['y'].shift(1) data['lag2'] = data['y'].shift(2) data['lag3'] = data['y'].shift(3) data['lag4'] = data['y'].shift(4) data['lag5'] = data['y'].shift(5) data['lag6'] = data['y'].shift(6) data['lag7'] = data['y'].shift(7) data.dropna(inplace=True) train_data, test_data1 = train_test_split(data, test_size=0.3, shuffle=False) g=int(input("输入P的峰值: ")) h=int(input("输入D的峰值: ")) i=int(input("输入Q的峰值: ")) p = range(0, g) d = range(0, h) q = range(0, i) pdq = list(itertools.product(p, d, q)) best_pdq = None best_aic = np.inf for param in pdq: model = sm.tsa.ARIMA(data['y'], exog=data[['lag1', 'lag2', 'lag3', 'lag4', 'lag5', 'lag6', 'lag7']], order=param) results = model.fit() aic = results.aic if aic < best_aic: best_pdq = param best_aic = aic a=best_pdq[0] b=best_pdq[1] c=best_pdq[2] model = ARIMA(data['y'], exog=data[['lag1', 'lag2', 'lag3', 'lag4', 'lag5', 'lag6', 'lag7']], order=(a,b,c)) results = model.fit() max_lag = model.k_ar model_fit = model.fit() resid = model_fit.resid lb_test = acorr_ljungbox(resid) p_value=round(lb_test['lb_pvalue'][max_lag],4) if p_value>0.05: forecast = results.forecast(steps=1, exog=data[['lag1', 'lag2', 'lag3', 'lag4', 'lag5', 'lag6', 'lag7']].iloc[-1:]) # 输出预测值 forecast.index[0].strftime('%Y-%m') print("下个月的预测结果是",round(forecast[0])) else: print('输入的数据不适合使用arima模型进行预测分析，请尝试其他模型'),如何添加检测预测准确率的python代码

要添加检测预测准确率的代码，可以使用均方根误差（RMSE）或平均绝对误差（MAE）等指标。以RMSE为例，可以按以下步骤进行计算和输出：

1. 在导入所需的库后，将测试数据集中的实际值和预测值提取出来：

test_actual = test_data['y']
test_pred = results.predict(start=test_data.index[0], end=test_data.index[-1], exog=test_data[['lag1', 'lag2', 'lag3', 'lag4', 'lag5', 'lag6', 'lag7']])

2. 计算RMSE并输出结果：

rmse = np.sqrt(((test_pred - test_actual) ** 2).mean())
print('测试集的RMSE为', rmse)

完整的代码如下：

import itertools 
import warnings 
import pandas as pd 
import numpy as np 
import statsmodels.api as sm 
from datetime import datetime 
from statsmodels.tsa.arima.model import ARIMA 
from statsmodels.graphics.tsaplots import plot_acf, plot_pacf 
from statsmodels.stats.diagnostic import acorr_ljungbox 
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split 

# 导入数据
data = pd.read_csv('data.csv', parse_dates=['x'], index_col='x')

# 划分训练集和测试集
train_data1, test_data = train_test_split(data1, test_size=0.3, shuffle=False)

# 添加滞后特征
data['lag1'] = data['y'].shift(1)
data['lag2'] = data['y'].shift(2)
data['lag3'] = data['y'].shift(3)
data['lag4'] = data['y'].shift(4)
data['lag5'] = data['y'].shift(5)
data['lag6'] = data['y'].shift(6)
data['lag7'] = data['y'].shift(7)
data.dropna(inplace=True)

# 再次划分训练集和测试集
train_data, test_data1 = train_test_split(data, test_size=0.3, shuffle=False)

# 寻找最优的ARIMA模型
g=int(input("输入P的峰值: ")) 
h=int(input("输入D的峰值: ")) 
i=int(input("输入Q的峰值: ")) 
p = range(0, g) 
d = range(0, h) 
q = range(0, i)  
pdq = list(itertools.product(p, d, q)) 
best_pdq = None 
best_aic = np.inf 
for param in pdq: 
    model = sm.tsa.ARIMA(data['y'], exog=data[['lag1', 'lag2', 'lag3', 'lag4', 'lag5', 'lag6', 'lag7']], order=param) 
    results = model.fit() 
    aic = results.aic 
    if aic < best_aic: 
        best_pdq = param 
        best_aic = aic 
a=best_pdq[0] 
b=best_pdq[1] 
c=best_pdq[2] 
model = ARIMA(data['y'], exog=data[['lag1', 'lag2', 'lag3', 'lag4', 'lag5', 'lag6', 'lag7']], order=(a,b,c)) 
results = model.fit() 

# 进行预测并计算测试集的RMSE
max_lag = model.k_ar 
model_fit = model.fit() 
resid = model_fit.resid 
lb_test = acorr_ljungbox(resid) 
p_value=round(lb_test['lb_pvalue'][max_lag],4) 
if p_value>0.05: 
    # 预测结果
    forecast = results.forecast(steps=1, exog=data[['lag1', 'lag2', 'lag3', 'lag4', 'lag5', 'lag6', 'lag7']].iloc[-1:]) 
    print("下个月的预测结果是",round(forecast[0]))
    
    # 计算RMSE并输出结果
    test_actual = test_data['y']
    test_pred = results.predict(start=test_data.index[0], end=test_data.index[-1], exog=test_data[['lag1', 'lag2', 'lag3', 'lag4', 'lag5', 'lag6', 'lag7']])
    rmse = np.sqrt(((test_pred - test_actual) ** 2).mean())
    print('测试集的RMSE为', rmse)
else: 
    print('输入的数据不适合使用ARIMA模型进行预测分析，请尝试其他模型')