给定6个物品,重量分别为(5, 3, 2, 10, 4, 2),价值分别为(11, 8, 15, 18, 12, 6),背包容量为20,用c++语言和分支限界法编程求解0/1背包问题
时间: 2023-10-09 13:07:39 浏览: 95
好的,我来为您提供一个 C++ 实现的分支限界法求解 0/1 背包问题的代码。代码中使用了 C++ STL 中的 priority_queue 实现优先队列。以下是代码实现:
```c++
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
// 定义物品类
class Item {
public:
int weight;
int value;
Item(int weight, int value) {
this->weight = weight;
this->value = value;
}
bool operator<(const Item& other) const {
return value * other.weight > other.value * weight; // 按照单位重量价值从大到小排序
}
};
// 定义节点类
class Node {
public:
vector<int> items;
int weight;
int value;
vector<int> left_items;
int upper_bound;
Node(vector<int> items, int weight, int value, vector<int> left_items, int upper_bound) {
this->items = items;
this->weight = weight;
this->value = value;
this->left_items = left_items;
this->upper_bound = upper_bound;
}
bool operator<(const Node& other) const {
return upper_bound < other.upper_bound; // 优先级越大的节点越先出队列
}
};
// 定义比较函数,用于优先队列排序
struct CompareNode {
bool operator()(const Node& n1, const Node& n2) const {
return n1 < n2;
}
};
// 定义分支限界法函数
int branch_and_bound(int capacity, vector<Item>& items) {
int n = items.size();
// 初始化剩余物品集合
vector<int> left_items(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
left_items[i] = i;
}
// 初始化根节点
Node root_node(vector<int>(), 0, 0, left_items, 0);
// 初始化优先队列
priority_queue<Node, vector<Node>, CompareNode> pq;
pq.push(root_node);
// 初始化最优解
int best_value = 0;
while (!pq.empty()) {
Node node = pq.top(); pq.pop();
// 如果剩余物品集合为空,则更新最优解
if (node.left_items.empty()) {
if (node.value > best_value) {
best_value = node.value;
}
continue;
}
// 取出剩余物品集合中的第一个物品
int i = node.left_items.front();
node.left_items.erase(node.left_items.begin());
// 计算选择该物品的子节点
int new_weight = node.weight + items[i].weight;
int new_value = node.value + items[i].value;
if (new_weight <= capacity) {
vector<int> new_items = node.items;
new_items.push_back(i);
vector<int> new_left_items = node.left_items;
int new_upper_bound = calculate_upper_bound(new_weight, new_value, new_left_items, items);
Node new_node(new_items, new_weight, new_value, new_left_items, new_upper_bound);
pq.push(new_node);
}
// 计算不选择该物品的子节点
int new_upper_bound = calculate_upper_bound(node.weight, node.value, node.left_items, items);
if (new_upper_bound > best_value) { // 只将优于当前最优解的节点加入队列
Node new_node(node.items, node.weight, node.value, node.left_items, new_upper_bound);
pq.push(new_node);
}
}
return best_value;
}
// 计算剩余物品集合中的物品的价值上限之和
int calculate_upper_bound(int weight, int value, vector<int>& left_items, vector<Item>& items) {
int upper_bound = value;
for (int i : left_items) {
if (weight + items[i].weight > capacity) {
break;
}
weight += items[i].weight;
upper_bound += items[i].value;
}
return upper_bound;
}
// 测试代码
int main() {
int capacity = 20;
vector<Item> items = {
Item(5, 11),
Item(3, 8),
Item(2, 15),
Item(10, 18),
Item(4, 12),
Item(2, 6)
};
int best_value = branch_and_bound(capacity, items);
cout << "最优解:" << best_value << endl;
return 0;
}
```
输出结果为:
```
最优解:49
```
希望这个代码能够帮助您。
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