band_val_gray = band_val1.reshape((image1.shape[0], image1.shape[1]))这句话什么意思

时间: 2023-07-16 14:12:04 浏览: 29
这句代码将一个一维数组 `band_val1` 重新变形为一个二维数组 `band_val_gray`，其形状为 `(image1.shape[0], image1.shape[1])`，也就是和 `image1` 的高度和宽度一致。这样做的目的是将一维数组中的元素按照图像的像素排列方式重新排列成一个二维数组，以便后续可以将其作为灰度图像使用。
相关问题

if (touch_val.xval>=1 && touch_val.xval<=20 &&touch_val.yval>=40 && touch_val.yval<=60 )

根据你提供的代码片段，这是一个条件判断语句。它检查变量`touch_val`中的`xval`和`yval`的值是否满足一定的范围条件。如果`xval`的值大于等于1且小于等于20，并且`yval`的值大于等于40且小于等于60，那么条件成立，代码块内的语句将会执行。否则，条件不成立，代码块内的语句将被跳过。

X_poly_val = np.hstack((np.ones((X_poly_val.shape[0],1)),X_poly_val))

这行代码的作用是在 X_poly_val 的左侧加入一列全为 1 的向量，以便进行多项式回归。具体来说，np.ones((X_poly_val.shape[0],1)) 创建了一个形状为 (X_poly_val.shape[0],1) 的全为 1 的矩阵，表示多项式回归中的常数项，然后 np.hstack() 函数将其与 X_poly_val 水平拼接起来，得到一个新的矩阵，该矩阵的第一列为全为 1 的列向量，其余列为原始特征的多项式组合。

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解决keras,val_categorical_accuracy:,0.0000e+00问题

主要介绍了解决keras,val_categorical_accuracy:,0.0000e+00问题，具有很好的参考价值，希望对大家有所帮助。一起跟随小编过来看看吧

val_ds = tf.keras.preprocessing.image_dataset_from_directory

val_ds = tf.keras.preprocessing.image_dataset_from_directory( directory='path/to/data', labels='inferred', label_mode='int', batch_size=32, image_size=(224, 224), validation_split=0.2, seed=123...

帮我把下面这个代码从TensorFlow改成pytorch import tensorflow as tf import os import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "0" base_dir = 'E:/direction/datasetsall/' train_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'train_img/') validation_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'val_img/') train_cats_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'down') train_dogs_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'up') validation_cats_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'down') validation_dogs_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'up') batch_size = 64 epochs = 50 IMG_HEIGHT = 128 IMG_WIDTH = 128 num_cats_tr = len(os.listdir(train_cats_dir)) num_dogs_tr = len(os.listdir(train_dogs_dir)) num_cats_val = len(os.listdir(validation_cats_dir)) num_dogs_val = len(os.listdir(validation_dogs_dir)) total_train = num_cats_tr + num_dogs_tr total_val = num_cats_val + num_dogs_val train_image_generator = tf.keras.preprocessing.image.ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1. / 255) validation_image_generator = tf.keras.preprocessing.image.ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1. / 255) train_data_gen = train_image_generator.flow_from_directory(batch_size=batch_size, directory=train_dir, shuffle=True, target_size=(IMG_HEIGHT, IMG_WIDTH), class_mode='categorical') val_data_gen = validation_image_generator.flow_from_directory(batch_size=batch_size, directory=validation_dir, target_size=(IMG_HEIGHT, IMG_WIDTH), class_mode='categorical') sample_training_images, _ = next(train_data_gen) model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(16, 3, padding='same', activation='relu', input_shape=(IMG_HEIGHT, IMG_WIDTH, 3)), tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(), tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(32, 3, padding='same', activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(), tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(64, 3, padding='same', activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(), tf.keras.layers.Flatten(), tf.keras.layers.Dense(256, activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.Dense(2, activation='softmax') ]) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss=tf.keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(from_logits=True), metrics=['accuracy']) model.summary() history = model.fit_generator( train_data_gen, steps_per_epoch=total_train // batch_size, epochs=epochs, validation_data=val_data_gen, validation_steps=total_val // batch_size ) # 可视化训练结果 acc = history.history['accuracy'] val_acc = history.history['val_accuracy'] loss = history.history['loss'] val_loss = history.history['val_loss'] epochs_range = range(epochs) model.save("./model/timo_classification_128_maxPool2D_dense256.h5")

0 with torch.no_grad(): for data in validation_image_generator: images, labels = data outputs = model(images) _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1) total += labels.size(0) correct += (predicted ==...

详细分析一下python代码:import torch.optim as optim criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() optimizer = optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=0.01, betas=(0.9, 0.999), eps=1e-08, weight_decay=0, amsgrad=False) scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(optimizer, mode='min', factor=0.1, patience=10, verbose=True, min_lr=0) loss_hist, acc_hist = [], [] loss_hist_val, acc_hist_val = [], [] for epoch in range(140): running_loss = 0.0 correct = 0 for data in train_loader: batch, labels = data batch, labels = batch.to(device), labels.to(device) optimizer.zero_grad() outputs = net(batch) loss = criterion(outputs, labels) loss.backward() optimizer.step() # compute training statistics _, predicted = torch.max(outputs, 1) correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item() running_loss += loss.item() avg_loss = running_loss / len(train_set) avg_acc = correct / len(train_set) loss_hist.append(avg_loss) acc_hist.append(avg_acc) # validation statistics net.eval() with torch.no_grad(): loss_val = 0.0 correct_val = 0 for data in val_loader: batch, labels = data batch, labels = batch.to(device), labels.to(device) outputs = net(batch) loss = criterion(outputs, labels) _, predicted = torch.max(outputs, 1) correct_val += (predicted == labels).sum().item() loss_val += loss.item() avg_loss_val = loss_val / len(val_set) avg_acc_val = correct_val / len(val_set) loss_hist_val.append(avg_loss_val) acc_hist_val.append(avg_acc_val) net.train() scheduler.step(avg_loss_val) print('[epoch %d] loss: %.5f accuracy: %.4f val loss: %.5f val accuracy: %.4f' % (epoch + 1, avg_loss, avg_acc, avg_loss_val, avg_acc_val))

这段代码是一个基于PyTorch的神经网络训练过程。代码中使用了torch.optim模块中Adam优化器和...其中，avg_loss和avg_acc记录了该epoch的训练结果，avg_loss_val和avg_acc_val记录了该epoch的验证结果。

import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 定义RBF神经网络的类 class RBFNetwork(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size): super(RBFNetwork, self).__init__() # 初始化输入层，隐含层，输出层的节点数 self.input_size = input_size self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.output_size = output_size # 初始化权重矩阵和偏置向量 self.W1 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(input_size, hidden_size)) # 输入层到隐含层的权重矩阵 self.b1 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(hidden_size)) # 隐含层的偏置向量 self.W2 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(hidden_size, output_size)) # 隐含层到输出层的权重矩阵 self.b2 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(output_size)) # 输出层的偏置向量 def forward(self,x): # 前向传播过程 x = torch.from_numpy(x).float() # 将输入向量转换为张量 x = x.view(-1, self.input_size) # 调整输入向量的形状，使其与权重矩阵相匹配 h = torch.exp(-torch.cdist(x, self.W1.t()) + self.b1) # 计算隐含层的输出值，使用高斯径向基函数作为激活函数 y = F.linear(h, self.W2.t(), self.b2) # 计算输出层的输出值，使用线性函数作为激活函数 return y #定义pid控制器 class Pid(): def __init__(self, exp_val, kp, ki, kd): self.KP = kp self.KI = ki self.KD = kd self.exp_val = exp_val self.now_val = 0 self.sum_err = 0 self.now_err = 0 self.last_err = 0 def cmd_pid(self): self.last_err = self.now_err self.now_err = self.exp_val - self.now_val self.sum_err += self.now_err self.now_val = self.KP * (self.exp_val - self.now_val) \ + self.KI * self.sum_err + self.KD * (self.now_err - self.last_err) return self.now_val def err_pid(self): self.last_err = self.now_err self.now_err = self.exp_val - self.now_val self.sum_err += self.now_err self.p_err = self.exp_val - self.now_val self.i_err = self.sum_err self.d_err = self.now_err - self.last_err self.now_val = self.KP * (self.exp_val - self.now_val) \ + self.KI * self.sum_err + self.KD * (self.now_err - self.last_err) return self.p_err, self.i_err, self.d_err rbf_net = RBFNetwork(3,10,4) pid_val = [] #对pid进行初始化，目标值是1000 ，p=0.1 ，i=0.15, d=0.1 A_Pid = Pid(1000, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1) # 然后循环100次把数存进数组中去 for i in range(0, 100): input_vector = np.array(A_Pid.err_pid()) output_vector = rbf_net(input_vector) output_vector = output_vector.reshape(4,1) A_Pid = Pid(1000, output_vector[0], output_vector[1], output_vector[2]) pid_val.append(A_Pid.cmd_pid())

在主函数中，先对 PID 控制器进行初始化，然后循环 100 次，每次将 PID 控制器的误差作为 RBF 神经网络的输入，得到输出后再输入回 PID 控制器中更新控制量，并将控制量存入 pid_val 数组中。最终 pid_val 数组...

tokenizer = Tokenizer(num_words=max_words) tokenizer.fit_on_texts(data['text']) sequences = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(data['text']) word_index = tokenizer.word_index print('Found %s unique tokens.' % len(word_index)) data = pad_sequences(sequences,maxlen=maxlen) labels = np.array(data[:,:1]) print('Shape of data tensor:',data.shape) print('Shape of label tensor',labels.shape) indices = np.arange(data.shape[0]) np.random.shuffle(indices) data = data[indices] labels = labels[indices] x_train = data[:traing_samples] y_train = data[:traing_samples] x_val = data[traing_samples:traing_samples+validation_samples] y_val = data[traing_samples:traing_samples+validation_samples] model = Sequential() model.add(Embedding(max_words,100,input_length=maxlen)) model.add(Flatten()) model.add(Dense(32,activation='relu')) model.add(Dense(10000,activation='sigmoid')) model.summary() model.compile(optimizer='rmsprop', loss='binary_crossentropy', metrics=['acc']) history = model.fit(x_train,y_train, epochs=1, batch_size=128, validation_data=[x_val,y_val]) import matplotlib.pyplot as plt acc = history.history['acc'] val_acc = history.history['val_acc'] loss = history.history['loss'] val_loss = history.history['val_loss'] epoachs = range(1,len(acc) + 1) plt.plot(epoachs,acc,'bo',label='Training acc') plt.plot(epoachs,val_acc,'b',label = 'Validation acc') plt.title('Training and validation accuracy') plt.legend() plt.figure() plt.plot(epoachs,loss,'bo',label='Training loss') plt.plot(epoachs,val_loss,'b',label = 'Validation loss') plt.title('Training and validation loss') plt.legend() plt.show() max_len = 10000 x_train = keras.preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences(x_train, maxlen=max_len) x_test = data[10000:,0:] x_test = keras.preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences(x_test, maxlen=max_len) # 将标签转换为独热编码 y_train = np.eye(2)[y_train] y_test = data[10000:,:1] y_test = np.eye(2)[y_test]

indices = np.arange(data.shape[0]) np.random.shuffle(indices) data = data[indices] labels = labels[indices] x_train = data[:training_samples] y_train = labels[:training_samples] x_val = data[training...

X_train, X_val, y_train, y_val = train_test_split(X_train, y_train, test_size=0.3) X_train.shape, X_val.shape, X_test.shape中训练集，验证集，测试集分别是哪个

因此，X_train.shape 是训练集 X_train 的形状，X_val.shape 是验证集 X_val 的形状，而 X_test.shape 是测试集 X_test 的形状。具体的形状大小需要根据实际情况来确定。 ### 回答3： 从给出的代码看，X_train, X_...

代码time_start = time.time() results = list() iterations = 2001 lr = 1e-2 model = func_critic_model(input_shape=(None, train_img.shape[1]), act_func='relu') loss_func = tf.keras.losses.MeanSquaredError() alg = "gd" # alg = "gd" for kk in range(iterations): with tf.GradientTape() as tape: predict_label = model(train_img) loss_val = loss_func(predict_label, train_lbl) grads = tape.gradient(loss_val, model.trainable_variables) overall_grad = tf.concat([tf.reshape(grad, -1) for grad in grads], 0) overall_model = tf.concat([tf.reshape(weight, -1) for weight in model.weights], 0) overall_grad = overall_grad + 0.001 * overall_model ## adding a regularization term results.append(loss_val.numpy()) if alg == 'gd': overall_model -= lr * overall_grad ### gradient descent elif alg == 'gdn': ## gradient descent with nestrov's momentum overall_vv_new = overall_model - lr * overall_grad overall_model = (1 + gamma) * oerall_vv_new - gamma * overall_vv overall_vv = overall_new pass model_start = 0 for idx, weight in enumerate(model.weights): model_end = model_start + tf.size(weight) weight.assign(tf.reshape()) for grad, ww in zip(grads, model.weights): ww.assign(ww - lr * grad) if kk % 100 == 0: print(f"Iter: {kk}, loss: {loss_val:.3f}, Duration: {time.time() - time_start:.3f} sec...") input_shape = train_img.shape[1] - 1 model = tf.keras.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Input(shape=(input_shape,)), tf.keras.layers.Dense(30, activation="relu"), tf.keras.layers.Dense(20, activation="relu"), tf.keras.layers.Dense(1) ]) n_epochs = 20 batch_size = 100 learning_rate = 0.01 momentum = 0.9 sgd_optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=learning_rate, momentum=momentum) model.compile(loss="mean_squared_error", optimizer=sgd_optimizer) history = model.fit(train_img, train_lbl, epochs=n_epochs, batch_size=batch_size, validation_data=(test_img, test_lbl)) nag_optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=learning_rate, momentum=momentum, nesterov=True) model.compile(loss="mean_squared_error", optimizer=nag_optimizer) history = model.fit(train_img, train_lbl, epochs=n_epochs, batch_size=batch_size, validation_data=(test_img, test_lbl))运行后报错TypeError: Missing required positional argument，如何改正

因此，你需要指定这个函数的第一个参数tensor，也就是weight，以及希望将其reshape成的新形状shape。例如，如果你希望将weight变成一个形状为(batch_size, input_shape)的张量，可以这样写： weight....

for inputs, labels in val_loader: outputs = model(inputs) loss = criterion(outputs, labels) running_loss += loss.item() _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1) correct_val += (predicted == labels).sum().item() val_acc.append(correct_val / len(val_dataset)) val_loss.append(running_loss / len(val_loader))

这段代码看起来像是训练模型的过程中计算验证集上的准确率和损失值，并且将计算结果加入对应的列表中。具体来说，该代码块首先从验证集加载输入和标签，然后将输入输入到模型中，在使用预定义的损失函数对模型预测...

解释这一段代码def auto_whiteBalance(img): b, g, r = cv2.split(img) Y = 0.299 * r + 0.587 * g + 0.114 * b Cr = 0.5 * r - 0.419 * g - 0.081 * b Cb = -0.169 * r - 0.331 * g + 0.5 * b Mr = np.mean(Cr) Mb = np.mean(Cb) Dr = np.var(Cr) Db = np.var(Cb) temp_arry = (np.abs(Cb - (Mb + Db * np.sign(Mb))) < 1.5 * Db) & ( np.abs(Cr - (1.5 * Mr + Dr * np.sign(Mr))) < 1.5 * Dr) RL = Y * temp_arry # 选取候选白点数的最亮10%确定为最终白点，并选择其前10%中的最小亮度值 # L_list = list(np.reshape(RL, (RL.shape[0] * RL.shape[1],)).astype(np.int)) L_list = list(np.reshape(RL, (RL.shape[0] * RL.shape[1],)).astype(int)) hist_list = np.zeros(256) min_val = 0 sum = 0 for val in L_list: hist_list[val] += 1 for l_val in range(255, 0, -1): sum += hist_list[l_val] if sum >= len(L_list) * 0.1: min_val = l_val break # 取最亮的前10%为最终的白点 white_index = RL < min_val RL[white_index] = 0 # 计算选取为白点的每个通道的增益 b[white_index] = 0 g[white_index] = 0 r[white_index] = 0 Y_max = np.max(RL) b_gain = Y_max / (np.sum(b) / np.sum(b > 0)) g_gain = Y_max / (np.sum(g) / np.sum(g > 0)) r_gain = Y_max / (np.sum(r) / np.sum(r > 0)) b, g, r = cv2.split(img) b = b * b_gain g = g * g_gain r = r * r_gain # 溢出处理 b[b > 255] = 255 g[g > 255] = 255 r[r > 255] = 255 res_img = cv2.merge((b, g, r)) return res_img

L_list = list(np.reshape(RL, (RL.shape[0] * RL.shape[1],)).astype(int)) hist_list = np.zeros(256) min_val = 0 sum = 0 for val in L_list: hist_list[val] += 1 for l_val in range(255, 0, -1): sum += ...

def test(): with torch.no_grad(): for data in valid_loader: val_label, val_input = data val_input = val_input.to(torch.float32) val_input, val_label = val_input.to(device), val_label.to(device) val_pred = model.forward(x=val_input) _, predicted = torch.max(val_pred, dim=1) # 找到出现次数最多的元素的索引 most_common_index = torch.argmax(torch.bincount(val_pred)) # 获取出现次数最多的值 most_common_value = val_pred[most_common_index] return most_common_value.item() #return predicted if __name__ == '__main__': #startTime = time.time() model.load_state_dict(torch.load('model.pth')) recognize = test() #endTime = time.time() #print("GPU耗时： ", endTime - startTime) print(recognize) 出现“"bincount_cpu" not implemented for 'Float'” 怎么修改

_, predicted = torch.max(val_pred, dim=1) # 找到出现次数最多的元素的索引 most_common_index = torch.argmax(torch.bincount(predicted.int())) # 获取出现次数最多的值 most_common_value = predicted...

df_val[f'{col}_mean_target'] = df_val[col].map(target_mean_dict) 这段代码哪里出错了

1. 如果 df_val 不是一个 Pandas DataFrame 对象，那么就会出现 NameError: name 'df_val' is not defined 的错误，提示 df_val 未定义。 2. 如果 col 不是 df_val 中的一个有效列名，那么就会出现 Key...

%% validation if (strcmp(task, 'val')) acc_val = zeros(length(opt.lambda), length(opt.Sim_scale)); for i = 1 : length(opt.lambda)

1. 如果任务类型是val，则执行验证的步骤。 2. 对于每个lambda值，循环进行以下操作： a. 对于每个Sim_scale值，进行以下操作： - 初始化一个长度为0的数组acc_val，用于存储验证准确率。 - 循环进行...

X_train, X_val, y_train, y_val = train_test_split(X_train, y_train, test_size=0.3) X_train.shape, X_val.shape, X_test.shape

这段代码中，首先使用了train_test_split函数将X_train和y_train划分为训练集和验证集...最后，代码中还打印了X_train、X_val和X_test的形状（shape）。但是，这段代码中没有定义X_test，所以可能会出现NameError错误。

def get_CIFAR10_data(num_training=5000, num_validation=500, num_test=500): cifar10_dir = r'D:\daima\cifar-10-python\cifar-10-batches-py' X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test = load_CIFAR10(cifar10_dir) print(X_train.shape) mask = range(num_training, num_training + num_validation) X_val = X_train[mask] y_val = y_train[mask] mask = range(num_training) X_train = X_train[mask] y_train = y_train[mask] mask = range(num_test) X_test = X_test[mask] y_test = y_test[mask] mean_image = np.mean(X_train, axis=0) X_train -= mean_image X_val -= mean_image X_test -= mean_image X_train = X_train.transpose(0, 3, 1, 2).copy() X_val = X_val.transpose(0, 3, 1, 2).copy() X_test = X_test.transpose(0, 3, 1, 2).copy() return { 'X_train': X_train, 'y_train': y_train, 'X_val': X_val, 'y_val': y_val, 'X_test': X_test, 'y_test': y_test, }这是一个加载cifar10数据集的函数，如何修改使其能加载mnist数据集，不使用使用 TensorFlow

X_val = X_val.reshape(-1, 1, 28, 28) X_test = X_test.reshape(-1, 1, 28, 28) return { 'X_train': X_train, 'y_train': y_train, 'X_val': X_val, 'y_val': y_val, 'X_test': X_test, 'y_test': y_test ...

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