设计person类，包括私有数据成员：姓名、性别和年龄；设计类teacher继承person类，新增私有数据成员：工资；设计student类继承person类，新增私有数据成员：成绩。要求每个类中的数据通过构造函数进行初始化。在主函数中分别定义一个teacher类和student类的对象，并输出这两个对象的值。

以下是对应的C++代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Person {
private:
    string name;
    string gender;
    int age;
public:
    Person(string n, string g, int a) : name(n), gender(g), age(a) {}
    string getName() { return name; }
    string getGender() { return gender; }
    int getAge() { return age; }
};

class Teacher : public Person {
private:
    double salary;
public:
    Teacher(string n, string g, int a, double s) : Person(n, g, a), salary(s) {}
    double getSalary() { return salary; }
};

class Student : public Person {
private:
    double grade;
public:
    Student(string n, string g, int a, double grd) : Person(n, g, a), grade(grd) {}
    double getGrade() { return grade; }
};

int main() {
    Teacher t("Tom", "Male", 35, 5000.00);
    Student s("Alice", "Female", 20, 89.5);

    cout << "Teacher's name: " << t.getName() << endl;
    cout << "Teacher's gender: " << t.getGender() << endl;
    cout << "Teacher's age: " << t.getAge() << endl;
    cout << "Teacher's salary: " << t.getSalary() << endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "Student's name: " << s.getName() << endl;
    cout << "Student's gender: " << s.getGender() << endl;
    cout << "Student's age: " << s.getAge() << endl;
    cout << "Student's grade: " << s.getGrade() << endl;

    return 0;
}

输出结果：

Teacher's name: Tom
Teacher's gender: Male
Teacher's age: 35
Teacher's salary: 5000

Student's name: Alice
Student's gender: Female
Student's age: 20
Student's grade: 89.5