C++编写程序,用链表实现插入,删除,查找操作,使其始终是顺序的
时间: 2024-10-09 17:09:13 浏览: 42
在C++中,我们可以使用链表(Linked List)数据结构来实现插入、删除和查找等操作。由于链表的特点是元素间通过指针链接,而非连续存储,所以插入、删除和查找操作通常比数组更快,特别是对于频繁的插入和删除,因为它们的时间复杂度通常是O(1)(最坏情况下的时间复杂度)。以下是基本的操作:
1. 插入操作 (`insert`):
- 在链表的开始处插入:创建一个新的节点,将新节点的next指向当前头节点,然后将头节点指向新节点。
- 在指定位置插入:需要遍历找到目标位置,然后更新节点间的next指针。
```cpp
struct Node {
int data;
Node* next;
};
void insert(Node** head, int value, int position){
if(position == 0)
(*head) = new Node{value, *head};
else {
Node* newNode = new Node{value};
Node* current = *head;
for(int i = 0; i < position - 1 && current != nullptr; ++i)
current = current->next;
if(current != nullptr)
newNode->next = current->next;
current->next = newNode;
}
}
```
2. 删除操作 (`delete`):
- 删除头节点:如果头节点存在,直接设置头节点为下一个节点。
- 删除指定位置:同样需要遍历链表找到目标节点,并调整前一个节点的next指针。
```cpp
void deleteNode(Node** head, int key){
if(*head != nullptr && (*head)->data == key) {
Node* temp = *head;
*head = (*head)->next;
delete temp;
} else {
Node* current = *head, *previous = nullptr;
while(current != nullptr && current->data != key){
previous = current;
current = current->next;
}
if(current != nullptr){
previous->next = current->next;
delete current;
}
}
}
```
3. 查找操作 (`search`):
遍历链表直到找到值或到达末尾返回NULL或nullptr。
```cpp
Node* search(Node* head, int key){
Node* current = head;
while (current != nullptr) {
if (current->data == key)
return current;
current = current->next;
}
return nullptr;
}
```
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