使用R自带的数据集faithful 绘制以下图形, 分析数据的分分布特征, 绘制eruptions的直方图,并为直方图添加扰动点及核密度曲线,绘制eruption和waiting两个变量的叠加直方图和镜像直方图
时间: 2024-11-13 08:18:29 浏览: 7
首先,我们使用R语言自带的faithful数据集,它包含了黄石公园间歇泉喷发的时间间隔(eruptions)和等待时间(waiting)。这个数据集可以帮助我们了解火山活动的一些统计特性。
为了分析数据的分布特征并创建所需的图形,我们需要加载必要的库,如`ggplot2`和`scales`,以及对数据进行初步探索:
```R
# 加载所需库
library(ggplot2)
library(scales)
# 加载faithful数据集
data(faithful)
# 查看数据前几行
head(faithful)
```
接下来,我们将分别进行以下操作:
1. **绘制eruptions的直方图**:
```R
# 创建直方图
eruption_hist <- ggplot(data = faithful, aes(x = eruptions)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.5, fill = "lightblue", color = "black") +
labs(title = "Eruptions Distribution", x = "Duration of Eruption (minutes)", y = "Frequency")
# 添加扰动点和核密度曲线
eruption_hist <- eruption_hist + geom_density(fill = "dodgerblue", alpha = 0.6) +
geom_point(data = faithful, aes(y = ..density..), size = 1, shape = 19, color = "red") +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent)
# 显示图形
eruption_hist
```
2. **叠加直方图(waiting和eruptions)**:
```R
# 绘制叠加直方图
joint_hist <- ggplot(data = faithful, aes(x = eruptions, y = waiting)) +
geom_tile(fill = "lightgray", color = "white", position = position_jitter(width = 0.05, height = 0.05)) +
labs(x = "Eruptions (minutes)", y = "Waiting Time (minutes)")
# 显示叠加直方图
joint_hist
```
3. **镜像直方图(waiting的镜像版本)**:
这里的“镜像”通常是指将y轴数据翻转,我们可以使用`coord_flip()`来达到目的:
```R
# 创建镜像直方图 for waiting
mirrored_waiting_hist <- ggplot(data = faithful, aes(x = waiting)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth = 4, fill = "lightblue", color = "black") +
coord_flip() +
labs(title = "Waiting Time Distribution (Mirrored)", x = "Duration of Waiting (minutes)", y = "")
# 显示镜像直方图
mirrored_waiting_hist
```
完成以上步骤后,你就可以看到faithful数据集中eruptions和waiting的分布特征,以及它们之间的关联情况了。
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