train_label = np.arange(4).reshape((-1,1))什么意思
时间: 2023-10-10 09:11:22 浏览: 58
这行代码使用NumPy库创建了一个形状为(4,1)的二维数组(train_label),其中包含了从0到3的整数,reshape函数的作用是将原始数组从一维数组转换为二维数组。具体解释如下:
- np.arange(4)表示生成一个从0到3的整数数组,不包含4。
- .reshape((-1,1))中的-1表示自动计算该维度的大小,1表示将该维度的大小设置为1,因此reshape后数组的形状为(4,1)。这里的reshape函数是将原来的一维数组变成了一个列向量,即4行1列的矩阵。
相关问题
import pandas as pd import numpy as np from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense, LSTM import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 读取CSV文件 data = pd.read_csv('77.csv', header=None) # 将数据集划分为训练集和测试集 train_size = int(len(data) * 0.7) train_data = data.iloc[:train_size, 1:2].values.reshape(-1,1) test_data = data.iloc[train_size:, 1:2].values.reshape(-1,1) # 对数据进行归一化处理 scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1)) train_data = scaler.fit_transform(train_data) test_data = scaler.transform(test_data) # 构建训练集和测试集 def create_dataset(dataset, look_back=1): X, Y = [], [] for i in range(len(dataset) - look_back): X.append(dataset[i:(i+look_back), 0]) Y.append(dataset[i+look_back, 0]) return np.array(X), np.array(Y) look_back = 3 X_train, Y_train = create_dataset(train_data, look_back) X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test_data, look_back) # 转换为LSTM所需的输入格式 X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1)) X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1)) # 构建LSTM模型 model = Sequential() model.add(LSTM(units=50, return_sequences=True, input_shape=(look_back, 1))) model.add(LSTM(units=50)) model.add(Dense(units=1)) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mean_squared_error') model.fit(X_train, Y_train, epochs=100, batch_size=32) # 预测测试集并进行反归一化处理 Y_pred = model.predict(X_test) Y_pred = scaler.inverse_transform(Y_pred) Y_test = scaler.inverse_transform(Y_test) # 输出RMSE指标 rmse = np.sqrt(np.mean((Y_pred - Y_test)**2)) print('RMSE:', rmse) # 绘制训练集真实值和预测值图表 train_predict = model.predict(X_train) train_predict = scaler.inverse_transform(train_predict) train_actual = scaler.inverse_transform(Y_train.reshape(-1, 1)) plt.plot(train_actual, label='Actual') plt.plot(train_predict, label='Predicted') plt.title('Training Set') plt.xlabel('Time (h)') plt.ylabel('kWh') plt.legend() plt.show() # 绘制测试集真实值和预测值图表 plt.plot(Y_test, label='Actual') plt.plot(Y_pred, label='Predicted') plt.title('Testing Set') plt.xlabel('Time (h)') plt.ylabel('kWh') plt.legend() plt.show()以上代码运行时报错,错误为ValueError: Expected 2D array, got 1D array instead: array=[-0.04967795 0.09031832 0.07590125]. Reshape your data either using array.reshape(-1, 1) if your data has a single feature or array.reshape(1, -1) if it contains a single sample.如何进行修改
可以将以下代码:
```
X_train, Y_train = create_dataset(train_data, look_back)
X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test_data, look_back)
X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1))
X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1))
```
修改为:
```
X_train, Y_train = create_dataset(train_data, look_back)
X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test_data, look_back)
X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1))
X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1))
Y_train = np.reshape(Y_train, (Y_train.shape[0], 1))
Y_test = np.reshape(Y_test, (Y_test.shape[0], 1))
```
这样就可以解决报错问题。
import numpy import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import math import torch from torch import nn from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, Dataset import os os.environ['KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK']='True' dataset = [] for data in np.arange(0, 3, .01): data = math.sin(data * math.pi) dataset.append(data) dataset = np.array(dataset) dataset = dataset.astype('float32') max_value = np.max(dataset) min_value = np.min(dataset) scalar = max_value - min_value print(scalar) dataset = list(map(lambda x: x / scalar, dataset)) def create_dataset(dataset, look_back=3): dataX, dataY = [], [] for i in range(len(dataset) - look_back): a = dataset[i:(i + look_back)] dataX.append(a) dataY.append(dataset[i + look_back]) return np.array(dataX), np.array(dataY) data_X, data_Y = create_dataset(dataset) train_X, train_Y = data_X[:int(0.8 * len(data_X))], data_Y[:int(0.8 * len(data_Y))] test_X, test_Y = data_Y[int(0.8 * len(data_X)):], data_Y[int(0.8 * len(data_Y)):] train_X = train_X.reshape(-1, 1, 3).astype('float32') train_Y = train_Y.reshape(-1, 1, 3).astype('float32') test_X = test_X.reshape(-1, 1, 3).astype('float32') train_X = torch.from_numpy(train_X) train_Y = torch.from_numpy(train_Y) test_X = torch.from_numpy(test_X) class RNN(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size=1, num_layer=2): super(RNN, self).__init__() self.input_size = input_size self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.output_size = output_size self.num_layer = num_layer self.rnn = nn.RNN(input_size, hidden_size, batch_first=True) self.linear = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size) def forward(self, x): out, h = self.rnn(x) out = self.linear(out[0]) return out net = RNN(3, 20) criterion = nn.MSELoss(reduction='mean') optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=1e-2) train_loss = [] test_loss = [] for e in range(1000): pred = net(train_X) loss = criterion(pred, train_Y) optimizer.zero_grad() # 反向传播 loss.backward() optimizer.step() if (e + 1) % 100 == 0: print('Epoch:{},loss:{:.10f}'.format(e + 1, loss.data.item())) train_loss.append(loss.item()) plt.plot(train_loss, label='train_loss') plt.legend() plt.show()请适当修改代码,并写出预测值和真实值的代码
以下是适当修改后的代码以及预测值和真实值的代码:
```
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import math
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, Dataset
import os
os.environ['KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK']='True'
dataset = []
for data in np.arange(0, 3, .01):
data = math.sin(data * math.pi)
dataset.append(data)
dataset = np.array(dataset)
dataset = dataset.astype('float32')
max_value = np.max(dataset)
min_value = np.min(dataset)
scalar = max_value - min_value
print(scalar)
dataset = list(map(lambda x: x / scalar, dataset))
def create_dataset(dataset, look_back=3):
dataX, dataY = [], []
for i in range(len(dataset) - look_back):
a = dataset[i:(i + look_back)]
dataX.append(a)
dataY.append(dataset[i + look_back])
return np.array(dataX), np.array(dataY)
data_X, data_Y = create_dataset(dataset)
train_X, train_Y = data_X[:int(0.8 * len(data_X))], data_Y[:int(0.8 * len(data_Y))]
test_X, test_Y = data_Y[int(0.8 * len(data_X)):], data_Y[int(0.8 * len(data_Y)):]
train_X = train_X.reshape(-1, 1, 3).astype('float32')
train_Y = train_Y.reshape(-1, 1, 1).astype('float32')
test_X = test_X.reshape(-1, 1, 3).astype('float32')
train_X = torch.from_numpy(train_X)
train_Y = torch.from_numpy(train_Y)
test_X = torch.from_numpy(test_X)
class RNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size=1, num_layer=2):
super(RNN, self).__init__()
self.input_size = input_size
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
self.output_size = output_size
self.num_layer = num_layer
self.rnn = nn.RNN(input_size, hidden_size, batch_first=True)
self.linear = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)
def forward(self, x):
out, h = self.rnn(x)
out = self.linear(out[:, -1, :])
return out
net = RNN(3, 20)
criterion = nn.MSELoss(reduction='mean')
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=1e-2)
train_loss = []
test_loss = []
for e in range(1000):
pred = net(train_X)
loss = criterion(pred, train_Y)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if (e + 1) % 100 == 0:
print('Epoch:{},loss:{:.10f}'.format(e + 1, loss.data.item()))
train_loss.append(loss.item())
plt.plot(train_loss, label='train_loss')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
# 预测值和真实值的代码
net.eval()
pred_test = net(test_X)
pred_test = pred_test.detach().numpy() * scalar
test_Y = test_Y.reshape(-1, 1) * scalar
plt.plot(pred_test, label='predict')
plt.plot(test_Y, label='true')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
```
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