解释这段代码for epochs in range(Epochs): loss_mean_train = 0 r2_mean_train = 0 loss_mean_test = 0 r2_mean_test = 0 model.train() for data_l in train_loader: seq, labels = data_l seq, labels = seq.to(device), labels.to(device) optimizer.zero_grad() y_pred = model(seq) labels = torch.squeeze(labels) single_loss = 0 r2_train = 0 for k in range(output_size): single_loss = single_loss + loss_function(y_pred[:, k], labels[:, k]) try: r2_train = r2_train+r2_score(y_pred[:, k].cpu().detach().numpy(), labels[:, k].cpu().detach().numpy()) except: r2_train = 0 single_loss /= output_size nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 1.0) single_loss.backward() optimizer.step() r2_train /=output_size loss_mean_train += single_loss.item() r2_mean_train += r2_train scheduler.step() model.eval() for data_l in test_loader: single_loss = 0 r2_test = 0 seq, labels = data_l seq, labels = seq.to(device), labels.to(device) y_pred = model(seq) for k in range(output_size): single_loss = single_loss + loss_function(y_pred[:, k], labels[:, k]) try: r2_test = r2_test+r2_score(y_pred[:, k].cpu().detach().numpy(), labels[:, k].cpu().detach().numpy()) except: r2_test = 0 single_loss_test = single_loss / output_size r2_test /=output_size loss_mean_test += single_loss.item() r2_mean_test +=r2_test
时间: 2023-06-27 18:05:48 浏览: 111
这段代码是一个训练循环。首先,它设置了一些变量(loss_mean_train、r2_mean_train、loss_mean_test、r2_mean_test)用于记录训练和测试期间的损失和R2得分的平均值。
然后,它将模型设置为训练模式,遍历训练数据集中的批次,并对每个批次进行以下操作:
1.将批次中的序列和标签移动到所选设备上(如GPU);
2.将优化器的梯度清零;
3.使用模型对序列进行预测;
4.计算每个标签的损失和R2得分;
5.将每个标签的损失求平均值,并将梯度传递回模型,并通过调用优化器来更新模型的参数。
在训练数据集的每个批次上完成这些操作后,代码会调用scheduler对象来更新学习率。
接下来,代码将模型设置为评估模式并遍历测试数据集中的批次,对每个批次执行以下操作:
1.将批次中的序列和标签移动到所选设备上(如GPU);
2.使用模型对序列进行预测;
3.计算每个标签的损失和R2得分;
4.将每个标签的损失求平均值,并将其添加到测试集的平均损失中,并将R2得分添加到测试集的平均R2得分中。
最后,训练循环结束后,会返回损失和R2得分的平均值,以便在训练期间进行监控和评估。
相关问题
import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense, LSTM from sklearn.metrics import r2_score,median_absolute_error,mean_absolute_error # 读取数据 data = pd.read_csv(r'C:/Users/Ljimmy/Desktop/yyqc/peijian/销量数据rnn.csv') # 取出特征参数 X = data.iloc[:,2:].values # 数据归一化 scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1)) X[:, 0] = scaler.fit_transform(X[:, 0].reshape(-1, 1)).flatten() #X = scaler.fit_transform(X) #scaler.fit(X) #X = scaler.transform(X) # 划分训练集和测试集 train_size = int(len(X) * 0.8) test_size = len(X) - train_size train, test = X[0:train_size, :], X[train_size:len(X), :] # 转换为监督学习问题 def create_dataset(dataset, look_back=1): X, Y = [], [] for i in range(len(dataset) - look_back - 1): a = dataset[i:(i + look_back), :] X.append(a) Y.append(dataset[i + look_back, 0]) return np.array(X), np.array(Y) look_back = 12 X_train, Y_train = create_dataset(train, look_back) #Y_train = train[:, 2:] # 取第三列及以后的数据 X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test, look_back) #Y_test = test[:, 2:] # 取第三列及以后的数据 # 转换为3D张量 X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1)) X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1)) # 构建LSTM模型 model = Sequential() model.add(LSTM(units=50, return_sequences=True, input_shape=(X_train.shape[1], 1))) model.add(LSTM(units=50)) model.add(Dense(units=1)) model.compile(loss='mean_squared_error', optimizer='adam') model.fit(X_train, Y_train, epochs=5, batch_size=32) #model.fit(X_train, Y_train.reshape(Y_train.shape[0], 1), epochs=10, batch_size=32) # 预测下一个月的销量 last_month_sales = data.tail(12).iloc[:,2:].values #last_month_sales = data.tail(1)[:,2:].values last_month_sales = scaler.transform(last_month_sales) last_month_sales = np.reshape(last_month_sales, (1, look_back, 1)) next_month_sales = model.predict(last_month_sales) next_month_sales = scaler.inverse_transform(next_month_sales) print('Next month sales: %.0f' % next_month_sales[0][0]) # 计算RMSE误差 rmse = np.sqrt(np.mean((next_month_sales - last_month_sales) ** 2)) print('Test RMSE: %.3f' % rmse)IndexError Traceback (most recent call last) Cell In[1], line 36 33 X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test, look_back) 34 #Y_test = test[:, 2:] # 取第三列及以后的数据 35 # 转换为3D张量 ---> 36 X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1)) 37 X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1)) 38 # 构建LSTM模型 IndexError: tuple index out of range代码修改
在代码中,X_train 和 X_test 的维度为 (样本数量,时间步长),需要将其转换为 (样本数量,时间步长,特征数量) 的形式。因此在创建数据集时,需要将数据 reshape 为 (样本数量,时间步长,1),即每个时间步长只有一个特征。代码如下:
```
def create_dataset(dataset, look_back=1):
X, Y = [], []
for i in range(len(dataset) - look_back - 1):
a = dataset[i:(i + look_back), :]
X.append(a.reshape(-1, 1))
Y.append(dataset[i + look_back, 0])
return np.array(X), np.array(Y)
```
在训练和测试数据集转换为3D张量时,需要保证第三个维度为特征数量。因此需要修改如下代码:
```
X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1))
X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1))
```
修改后的完整代码如下:
```
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, LSTM
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score,median_absolute_error,mean_absolute_error
# 读取数据
data = pd.read_csv(r'C:/Users/Ljimmy/Desktop/yyqc/peijian/销量数据rnn.csv')
# 取出特征参数
X = data.iloc[:,2:].values
# 数据归一化
scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1))
X = scaler.fit_transform(X)
# 划分训练集和测试集
train_size = int(len(X) * 0.8)
test_size = len(X) - train_size
train, test = X[0:train_size, :], X[train_size:len(X), :]
# 转换为监督学习问题
def create_dataset(dataset, look_back=1):
X, Y = [], []
for i in range(len(dataset) - look_back - 1):
a = dataset[i:(i + look_back), :]
X.append(a.reshape(-1, 1))
Y.append(dataset[i + look_back, 0])
return np.array(X), np.array(Y)
look_back = 12
X_train, Y_train = create_dataset(train, look_back)
X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test, look_back)
# 转换为3D张量
X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1))
X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1))
# 构建LSTM模型
model = Sequential()
model.add(LSTM(units=50, return_sequences=True, input_shape=(X_train.shape[1], 1)))
model.add(LSTM(units=50))
model.add(Dense(units=1))
model.compile(loss='mean_squared_error', optimizer='adam')
model.fit(X_train, Y_train, epochs=5, batch_size=32)
# 预测下一个月的销量
last_month_sales = data.tail(12).iloc[:,2:].values
last_month_sales = scaler.transform(last_month_sales)
last_month_sales = np.reshape(last_month_sales, (1, look_back, 1))
next_month_sales = model.predict(last_month_sales)
next_month_sales = scaler.inverse_transform(next_month_sales)
print('Next month sales: %.0f' % next_month_sales[0][0])
# 计算RMSE误差
rmse = np.sqrt(np.mean((next_month_sales - last_month_sales) ** 2))
print('Test RMSE: %.3f' % rmse)
```
import numpy as np import pandas as pd import tensorflow as tf from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler from sklearn.metrics import r2_score,median_absolute_error,mean_absolute_error # 读取数据 data = pd.read_csv(r'C:/Users/Ljimmy/Desktop/yyqc/peijian/销量数据rnn.csv') dataset = data.values # 数据归一化 scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1)) dataset = scaler.fit_transform(dataset) # 分割训练集和测试集 train_size = int(len(dataset) * 0.67) test_size = len(dataset) - train_size train, test = dataset[0:train_size, :], dataset[train_size:len(dataset), :] # 将数据集转化为适合GRU的数据格式 def create_dataset(dataset): X, Y = [], [] for i in range(len(dataset)-1): a = dataset[i:(i+1), :] X.append(a) Y.append(dataset[i+1, :]) return np.array(X), np.array(Y) train_X, train_Y = create_dataset(train) train_Y = train_Y[:, 2:] # 取第三列及以后的数据 test_X, test_Y = create_dataset(test) test_Y = test_Y[:, 2:] # 取第三列及以后的数据 # 定义GRU模型 model = tf.keras.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.GRU(units=64, return_sequences=True, input_shape=(1, 3)), tf.keras.layers.GRU(units=32), tf.keras.layers.Dense(3)]) # 编译模型 model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mse') # 训练模型 model.fit(train_X, train_Y, epochs=100, batch_size=16, verbose=2) # 预测测试集 test_predict = model.predict(test_X) test_predict = scaler.inverse_transform(test_predict) #test_Y = scaler.inverse_transform(test_Y.reshape(-1, 1)) # 计算RMSE误差 rmse = np.sqrt(np.mean((test_predict - test_Y) ** 2)) print('Test RMSE:',rmse) # 预测下一个月的销量 last_month_sales = data.tail(1).values last_month_sales = scaler.transform(last_month_sales) next_month_sales = model.predict(np.array([last_month_sales])) next_month_sales = scaler.inverse_transform(next_month_sales) print('Next month sales:',next_month_sales[0][0])预测结果不够准确,如何增加准确率
有以下几种方式可以尝试提高准确率:
1. 增加训练数据量:可以尝试寻找更多的数据来进行训练,以提高模型的泛化能力和准确率。
2. 调整模型参数:可以尝试调整GRU模型的参数,如增加或减少GRU层的数量、增加或减少神经元的数量等,以寻找最优的模型参数组合。
3. 对数据进行更详细的分析:可以对原始数据进行更详细的分析,找到影响销量的因素,并将这些因素作为额外的特征加入到模型中,以提高模型的准确率。
4. 尝试其他类型的模型:可以尝试使用其他类型的深度学习模型,如LSTM、CNN等,以寻找更适合该数据集的模型。
阅读全文