请详细说明如何定义一个Java程序,包括父类Person,两个子类Student和Teacher,以及相关的测试类和控制台输出结果。这三个类的具体结构和方法应该如何设计?
时间: 2024-12-17 16:18:53 浏览: 5
在Java中,你可以使用面向对象编程的概念来创建这个结构。首先,我们定义一个父类`Person`,然后创建两个继承自`Person`的子类`Student`和`Teacher`。每个类都可能包含属性(数据)和行为(方法)。这里是一个基本的设计:
**1. 定义父类Person:**
```java
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
// 构造函数
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
// getters and setters for name and age
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
// 简单的方法示例
public void introduceYourself() {
System.out.println("Hello, my name is " + name + " and I am " + age + " years old.");
}
}
```
**2. 子类Student:**
```java
public class Student extends Person {
private String major; // 添加一个新的属性
// 如果Student有特定的行为,如学习方法
public void study() {
System.out.println(name + " is studying in the field of " + major);
}
}
```
**3. 子类Teacher:**
```java
public class Teacher extends Person {
private String subject; // 又添加了一个新的属性
// 如果Teacher有特定的行为,如授课方法
public void teach() {
System.out.println(name + " teaches " + subject);
}
}
```
**4. 测试类Test:**
```java
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建Person实例
Person person = new Person("John", 30);
// 调用Person的方法
person.introduceYourself();
// 创建Student和Teacher实例并调用相应的方法
Student student = new Student("Jane", 25, "Computer Science");
teacher = new Teacher("Mark", 40, "Mathematics");
student.study();
teacher.teach();
}
}
```
当你运行`Test`类的`main`方法时,控制台会显示以下输出:
- John is 30 years old.
- Jane is studying in the field of Computer Science.
- Mark teaches Mathematics.
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