grad_a = -2/len(y)*np.sum((y -a_ * x - b) *x) 是什么意思
时间: 2024-06-03 16:10:54 浏览: 13
这个公式是求解线性回归模型中的梯度,其中 y 是已知的标签数据,x 是对应的特征向量,a_ 和 b 是线性回归模型中的参数。公式中 grad_a 表示参数 a_ 的梯度,-2/len(y) 表示损失函数的导数,np.sum((y - a_ * x - b) * x) 表示残差的加权和。通过求解梯度,可以更新参数值以最小化损失函数,从而得到更好的模型拟合效果。
相关问题
LDAM损失函数pytorch代码如下:class LDAMLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30): super(LDAMLoss, self).init() m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list)) m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list)) m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list) self.m_list = m_list assert s > 0 self.s = s if weight is not None: weight = torch.FloatTensor(weight).cuda() self.weight = weight self.cls_num_list = cls_num_list def forward(self, x, target): index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8) index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor) batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(1,0)) # 0,1 batch_m = batch_m.view((16, 1)) # size=(batch_size, 1) (-1,1) x_m = x - batch_m output = torch.where(index, x_m, x) if self.weight is not None: output = output * self.weight[None, :] target = torch.flatten(target) # 将 target 转换成 1D Tensor logit = output * self.s return F.cross_entropy(logit, target, weight=self.weight) 模型部分参数如下:# 设置全局参数 model_lr = 1e-5 BATCH_SIZE = 16 EPOCHS = 50 DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') use_amp = True use_dp = True classes = 7 resume = None CLIP_GRAD = 5.0 Best_ACC = 0 #记录最高得分 use_ema=True model_ema_decay=0.9998 start_epoch=1 seed=1 seed_everything(seed) # 数据增强 mixup mixup_fn = Mixup( mixup_alpha=0.8, cutmix_alpha=1.0, cutmix_minmax=None, prob=0.1, switch_prob=0.5, mode='batch', label_smoothing=0.1, num_classes=classes) # 读取数据集 dataset_train = datasets.ImageFolder('/home/adminis/hpy/ConvNextV2_Demo/RAF-DB/RAF/train', transform=transform) dataset_test = datasets.ImageFolder("/home/adminis/hpy/ConvNextV2_Demo/RAF-DB/RAF/valid", transform=transform_test) 帮我用pytorch实现模型在模型训练中使用LDAM损失函数
好的,下面是使用LDAM损失函数训练模型的代码:
```python
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import CosineAnnealingLR
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
# 定义LDAM损失函数
class LDAMLoss(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30):
super(LDAMLoss, self).__init__()
m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list))
m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list))
m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list)
self.m_list = m_list
assert s > 0
self.s = s
if weight is not None:
weight = torch.FloatTensor(weight).cuda()
self.weight = weight
self.cls_num_list = cls_num_list
def forward(self, x, target):
index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8)
index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor)
batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(1,0)) # 0,1
batch_m = batch_m.view((x.size(0), 1)) # size=(batch_size, 1)
x_m = x - batch_m
output = torch.where(index, x_m, x)
if self.weight is not None:
output = output * self.weight[None, :]
target = torch.flatten(target) # 将 target 转换成 1D Tensor
logit = output * self.s
return F.cross_entropy(logit, target, weight=self.weight)
# 定义模型
model = models.resnet18(pretrained=True)
num_ftrs = model.fc.in_features
model.fc = nn.Linear(num_ftrs, classes)
model.to(DEVICE)
# 定义优化器和学习率调整器
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=model_lr)
scheduler = CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max=EPOCHS, eta_min=1e-6)
# 定义LDAM损失函数
cls_num_list = [len(dataset_train[dataset_train.targets == t]) for t in range(classes)]
criterion = LDAMLoss(cls_num_list)
# 定义数据加载器
train_loader = DataLoader(dataset_train, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True, num_workers=4, pin_memory=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(dataset_test, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=False, num_workers=4, pin_memory=True)
# 训练模型
best_acc = 0.0
for epoch in range(start_epoch, EPOCHS + 1):
model.train()
train_loss = 0.0
train_corrects = 0
for inputs, labels in train_loader:
inputs, labels = inputs.to(DEVICE), labels.to(DEVICE)
if use_dp:
inputs, labels = dp(inputs, labels)
if use_amp:
with amp.autocast():
inputs, labels = mixup_fn(inputs, labels)
outputs = model(inputs)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
scaler.scale(loss).backward()
scaler.unscale_(optimizer)
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), CLIP_GRAD)
scaler.step(optimizer)
scaler.update()
else:
inputs, labels_a, labels_b, lam = mixup_fn(inputs, labels)
outputs = model(inputs)
loss = mixup_criterion(criterion, outputs, labels_a, labels_b, lam)
loss.backward()
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), CLIP_GRAD)
optimizer.step()
optimizer.zero_grad()
train_loss += loss.item() * inputs.size(0)
_, preds = torch.max(outputs, 1)
train_corrects += torch.sum(preds == labels.data)
train_loss /= len(dataset_train)
train_acc = train_corrects.double() / len(dataset_train)
model.eval()
test_loss = 0.0
test_corrects = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for inputs, labels in test_loader:
inputs, labels = inputs.to(DEVICE), labels.to(DEVICE)
outputs = model(inputs)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
test_loss += loss.item() * inputs.size(0)
_, preds = torch.max(outputs, 1)
test_corrects += torch.sum(preds == labels.data)
test_loss /= len(dataset_test)
test_acc = test_corrects.double() / len(dataset_test)
# 更新最佳模型
if test_acc > best_acc:
if use_ema:
ema_model.load_state_dict(model.state_dict())
best_acc = test_acc
# 更新学习率
scheduler.step()
# 打印训练结果
print('Epoch [{}/{}], Train Loss: {:.4f}, Train Acc: {:.4f}, Test Loss: {:.4f}, Test Acc: {:.4f}'.format(
epoch, EPOCHS, train_loss, train_acc, test_loss, test_acc))
```
def local_train(self, weights): original_w = weights self.local_model.set_encrypt_weights(weights) neg_one = self.public_key.encrypt(-1) for e in range(self.conf["local_epochs"]): print("start epoch ", e) #if e > 0 and e%2 == 0: # print("re encrypt") # self.local_model.encrypt_weights = Server.re_encrypt(self.local_model.encrypt_weights) idx = np.arange(self.data_x.shape[0]) batch_idx = np.random.choice(idx, self.conf['batch_size'], replace=False) #print(batch_idx) x = self.data_x[batch_idx] x = np.concatenate((x, np.ones((x.shape[0], 1))), axis=1) y = self.data_y[batch_idx].reshape((-1, 1)) #print((0.25 * x.dot(self.local_model.encrypt_weights) + 0.5 * y.transpose() * neg_one).shape) #print(x.transpose().shape) #assert(False) batch_encrypted_grad = x.transpose() * (0.25 * x.dot(self.local_model.encrypt_weights) + 0.5 * y.transpose() * neg_one) encrypted_grad = batch_encrypted_grad.sum(axis=1) / y.shape[0] for j in range(len(self.local_model.encrypt_weights)): self.local_model.encrypt_weights[j] -= self.conf["lr"] * encrypted_grad[j] weight_accumulators = [] #print(models.decrypt_vector(Server.private_key, weights)) for j in range(len(self.local_model.encrypt_weights)): weight_accumulators.append(self.local_model.encrypt_weights[j] - original_w[j]) return weight_accumulators
这段代码是联邦学习中的一个客户端的本地训练代码实现。该代码接收一个初始的模型参数weights作为输入,并使用该参数进行本地训练。在训练过程中,代码使用随机梯度下降算法对模型进行迭代更新,每次更新的步长由学习率lr决定。训练的过程中,代码每次从数据集中随机选择batch_size个样本进行训练。其中,data_x和data_y分别是客户端持有的训练数据的特征和标签。训练完成后,代码返回模型参数的差异值,即本次训练后模型参数与初始参数之间的差异。
需要注意的是,该代码使用了加密技术对模型参数进行保护,其中local_model.encrypt_weights是加密后的模型参数,Server.private_key是服务器的私钥。代码中的neg_one是对-1进行加密的结果,用于计算梯度。
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