请用Anaconda3 写python代码： 设计自定义的ResNet 数据：MINST <导入必要的PyTorch包 1.使用Dataset与Dataloader加载数据 - 首次加载数据使用直接下载的方式，数据存放至./data文件夹

好的，以下是代码实现：

# 导入必要的PyTorch包
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, Dataset

# 定义自定义的ResNet模型
class ResNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(ResNet, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.layer1 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
        )
        self.layer2 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(128),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(128),
        )
        self.layer3 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(256),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(256),
        )
        self.layer4 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(512),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(512),
        )
        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
        self.fc = nn.Linear(512, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.bn1(x)
        x = self.relu(x)
        x = self.layer1(x) + x
        x = self.layer2(x) + x
        x = self.layer3(x) + x
        x = self.layer4(x) + x
        x = self.avgpool(x)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.fc(x)
        return x

# 定义自定义的MINST数据集
class CustomMNISTDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, train=True, transform=None):
        self.train = train
        self.transform = transform
        if self.train:
            self.data, self.labels = torch.load('./data/train_data.pth')
        else:
            self.data, self.labels = torch.load('./data/test_data.pth')

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        img, target = self.data[index], self.labels[index]
        img = img.unsqueeze(0).float()
        if self.transform is not None:
            img = self.transform(img)
        return img, target

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.data)

# 定义数据预处理方式
transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
])

# 加载训练集和测试集
train_dataset = CustomMNISTDataset(train=True, transform=transform)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=128, shuffle=True)
test_dataset = CustomMNISTDataset(train=False, transform=transform)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=128, shuffle=False)

# 创建ResNet模型
model = ResNet()

# 定义损失函数和优化器
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, momentum=0.9, weight_decay=5e-4)

# 训练模型
for epoch in range(10):
    running_loss = 0.0
    for i, data in enumerate(train_loader, 0):
        inputs, labels = data
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        outputs = model(inputs)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        running_loss += loss.item()
    print('[Epoch %d] loss: %.3f' % (epoch + 1, running_loss / len(train_loader)))

# 测试模型
correct = 0
total = 0
with torch.no_grad():
    for data in test_loader:
        images, labels = data
        outputs = model(images)
        _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
        total += labels.size(0)
        correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

print('Accuracy of the network on the test images: %d %%' % (100 * correct / total))

注意：这段代码在第一次运行时会直接下载MINST数据集，存放至./data文件夹下。如果之后再次运行需要手动删除./data文件夹下的所有文件。