HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Init(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) { /* Check the UART handle allocation */ if (huart == NULL) { return HAL_ERROR; } /* Check the parameters */ if (huart->Init.HwFlowCtl != UART_HWCONTROL_NONE) { /* The hardware flow control is available only for USART1, USART2, USART3 and USART6. Except for STM32F446xx devices, that is available for USART1, USART2, USART3, USART6, UART4 and UART5. */ assert_param(IS_UART_HWFLOW_INSTANCE(huart->Instance)); assert_param(IS_UART_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL(huart->Init.HwFlowCtl)); } else { assert_param(IS_UART_INSTANCE(huart->Instance)); } assert_param(IS_UART_WORD_LENGTH(huart->Init.WordLength)); assert_param(IS_UART_OVERSAMPLING(huart->Init.OverSampling)); if (huart->gState == HAL_UART_STATE_RESET) { /* Allocate lock resource and initialize it */ huart->Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED; #if (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1) UART_InitCallbacksToDefault(huart); if (huart->MspInitCallback == NULL) { huart->MspInitCallback = HAL_UART_MspInit; } /* Init the low level hardware */ huart->MspInitCallback(huart); #else /* Init the low level hardware : GPIO, CLOCK */ HAL_UART_MspInit(huart); #endif /* (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS) */ } huart->gState = HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY; /* Disable the peripheral */ __HAL_UART_DISABLE(huart); /* Set the UART Communication parameters */ UART_SetConfig(huart); /* In asynchronous mode, the following bits must be kept cleared: - LINEN and CLKEN bits in the USART_CR2 register, - SCEN, HDSEL and IREN bits in the USART_CR3 register.*/ CLEAR_BIT(huart->Instance->CR2, (USART_CR2_LINEN | USART_CR2_CLKEN)); CLEAR_BIT(huart->Instance->CR3, (USART_CR3_SCEN | USART_CR3_HDSEL | USART_CR3_IREN)); /* Enable the peripheral */ __HAL_UART_ENABLE(huart); /* Initialize the UART state */ huart->ErrorCode = HAL_UART_ERROR_NONE; huart->gState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY; huart->RxState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY; return HAL_OK; }

这是HAL库中初始化UART外设的函数。它会首先检查传入的参数是否合法，然后根据传入的参数设置UART通信参数，最后使能UART外设并将状态设置为READY。在这个函数中还会调用HAL_UART_MspInit()或者用户自定义的MspInitCallback()函数来初始化外设的引脚和时钟等低级硬件。

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这个函数怎么使用HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Init(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) { /* Check the UART handle allocation */ if (huart == NULL) { return HAL_ERROR; } /* Check the parameters */ if (huart->Init.HwFlowCtl != UART_HWCONTROL_NONE) { /* The hardware flow control is available only for USART1, USART2, USART3 and USART6. Except for STM32F446xx devices, that is available for USART1, USART2, USART3, USART6, UART4 and UART5. */ assert_param(IS_UART_HWFLOW_INSTANCE(huart->Instance)); assert_param(IS_UART_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL(huart->Init.HwFlowCtl)); } else { assert_param(IS_UART_INSTANCE(huart->Instance)); } assert_param(IS_UART_WORD_LENGTH(huart->Init.WordLength)); assert_param(IS_UART_OVERSAMPLING(huart->Init.OverSampling)); if (huart->gState == HAL_UART_STATE_RESET) { /* Allocate lock resource and initialize it */ huart->Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED; #if (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1) UART_InitCallbacksToDefault(huart); if (huart->MspInitCallback == NULL) { huart->MspInitCallback = HAL_UART_MspInit; } /* Init the low level hardware */ huart->MspInitCallback(huart); #else /* Init the low level hardware : GPIO, CLOCK */ HAL_UART_MspInit(huart); #endif /* (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS) */ } huart->gState = HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY; /* Disable the peripheral */ __HAL_UART_DISABLE(huart); /* Set the UART Communication parameters */ UART_SetConfig(huart); /* In asynchronous mode, the following bits must be kept cleared: - LINEN and CLKEN bits in the USART_CR2 register, - SCEN, HDSEL and IREN bits in the USART_CR3 register.*/ CLEAR_BIT(huart->Instance->CR2, (USART_CR2_LINEN | USART_CR2_CLKEN)); CLEAR_BIT(huart->Instance->CR3, (USART_CR3_SCEN | USART_CR3_HDSEL | USART_CR3_IREN)); /* Enable the peripheral */ __HAL_UART_ENABLE(huart); /* Initialize the UART state */ huart->ErrorCode = HAL_UART_ERROR_NONE; huart->gState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY; huart->RxState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY; return HAL_OK; }

这个函数是HAL库（STM32的驱动库）中的UART初始化函数，用于初始化指定的UART外设。它的参数是一个UART_HandleTypeDef类型的指针，其中包含了UART的初始化参数和外设的实例。函数执行过程中会进行一系列的参数检查，包括检查参数是否为空、硬件流控制是否可用、数据位长度是否合法等等。如果UART的gState状态为HAL_UART_STATE_RESET，那么它会先初始化底层硬件资源（包括GPIO和时钟），否则会直接进行配置和使能。最后，函数会将UART的状态设置为HAL_UART_STATE_READY，表示初始化完成。

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Receive_IT(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size) { /* Check that a Rx process is not already ongoing */ if (huart->RxState == HAL_UART_STATE_READY) { if ((pData == NULL) || (Size == 0U)) { return HAL_ERROR; } /* Process Locked */ __HAL_LOCK(huart); huart->pRxBuffPtr = pData; huart->RxXferSize = Size; huart->RxXferCount = Size; huart->ErrorCode = HAL_UART_ERROR_NONE; huart->RxState = HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY_RX; /* Process Unlocked */ __HAL_UNLOCK(huart); /* Enable the UART Parity Error Interrupt */ __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(huart, UART_IT_PE); /* Enable the UART Error Interrupt: (Frame error, noise error, overrun error) */ __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(huart, UART_IT_ERR); /* Enable the UART Data Register not empty Interrupt */ __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(huart, UART_IT_RXNE); return HAL_OK; } else { return HAL_BUSY; } }

这是一个函数实现，用于通过UART接收数据，函数的参数包括一个UART_HandleTypeDef类型的指针huart，一个uint8_t类型的指针pData，表示要接收的数据缓存区，一个uint16_t类型的Size，表示接收的数据长度。函数首先检查是否已经有一个接收过程正在进行中，如果没有则将状态设置为HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY_RX，然后启用UART的各种中断，包括奇偶校验错误中断、错误中断和数据寄存器非空中断。如果接收过程已经在进行中，则返回HAL_BUSY。函数最终返回HAL_OK表示成功启动接收过程，或者返回HAL_ERROR表示参数错误。