编译原理设计一个简单的语法分析器,能够将输入的单词序列分析成语法树,支持语法规则、优先级等特性。用flex和bison软件编写简单C语言代码
时间: 2024-03-15 21:47:33 浏览: 170
好的,我了解了您的问题。首先需要明确的是,语法分析器是编译器的一个重要组成部分,用于将词法分析器产生的单词序列转化为语法树。本次我将介绍如何用Flex和Bison编写一个简单的C语言代码语法分析器。
Step 1: 编写词法分析器
在使用Bison进行语法分析前,需要先编写Flex词法分析器。在本例中,我们可以将一些基本的C语言单词定义在Flex代码中,如:
```
%{
#include "y.tab.h"
%}
%%
"if" { return IF; }
"else" { return ELSE; }
"while" { return WHILE; }
"for" { return FOR; }
"int" { return INT; }
"float" { return FLOAT; }
"char" { return CHAR; }
"void" { return VOID; }
"return" { return RETURN; }
"(" { return LPAREN; }
")" { return RPAREN; }
"{" { return LBRACE; }
"}" { return RBRACE; }
";" { return SEMICOLON; }
"," { return COMMA; }
"+" { return PLUS; }
"-" { return MINUS; }
"*" { return TIMES; }
"/" { return DIVIDE; }
"=" { return ASSIGN; }
"==" { return EQ; }
"!=" { return NE; }
">" { return GT; }
"<" { return LT; }
">=" { return GE; }
"<=" { return LE; }
[0-9]+\.?[0-9]* { yylval.f = atof(yytext); return NUMBER; }
[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]* { yylval.s = strdup(yytext); return ID; }
[ \t\n]+ /* ignore whitespace */
. { printf("Invalid character %c\n", *yytext); }
```
这段代码中,我们定义了一些基本的C语言单词,包括关键字(if、else、while、for、int、float、char、void、return)、运算符(+、-、*、/、=、==、!=、>、<、>=、<=)、分隔符((、)、{、}、;、,)以及数字和标识符。将这段代码保存为“lex.l”。
Step 2: 编写语法分析器
在完成词法分析器的编写后,我们可以开始使用Bison进行语法分析器的编写。首先需要定义语法规则,例如:
```
program: declaration_list
;
declaration_list: declaration_list declaration
| declaration
;
declaration: var_declaration
| fun_declaration
;
var_declaration: type_specifier ID SEMICOLON
| type_specifier ID LBRACKET NUMBER RBRACKET SEMICOLON
;
type_specifier: INT
| FLOAT
| CHAR
;
fun_declaration: type_specifier ID LPAREN params RPAREN compound_stmt
;
params: param_list
| VOID
;
param_list: param_list COMMA param
| param
;
param: type_specifier ID
| type_specifier ID LBRACKET RBRACKET
;
compound_stmt: LBRACE local_declarations statement_list RBRACE
;
local_declarations: local_declarations var_declaration
| /* empty */
;
statement_list: statement_list statement
| /* empty */
;
statement: expression_stmt
| compound_stmt
| selection_stmt
| iteration_stmt
| return_stmt
;
expression_stmt: expression SEMICOLON
| SEMICOLON
;
selection_stmt: IF LPAREN expression RPAREN statement ELSE statement
| IF LPAREN expression RPAREN statement
;
iteration_stmt: WHILE LPAREN expression RPAREN statement
| FOR LPAREN expression_stmt expression_stmt expression RPAREN statement
;
return_stmt: RETURN SEMICOLON
| RETURN expression SEMICOLON
;
expression: var ASSIGN expression
| simple_expression
;
var: ID
| ID LBRACKET expression RBRACKET
;
simple_expression: additive_expression relop additive_expression
| additive_expression
;
additive_expression: additive_expression addop term
| term
;
term: term mulop factor
| factor
;
factor: LPAREN expression RPAREN
| var
| call
| NUMBER
;
call: ID LPAREN args RPAREN
;
args: arg_list
| /* empty */
;
arg_list: arg_list COMMA expression
| expression
;
relop: LT
| LE
| GT
| GE
| EQ
| NE
;
addop: PLUS
| MINUS
;
mulop: TIMES
| DIVIDE
;
```
这段代码定义了C语言中的语法规则,例如变量声明、函数声明、循环语句、条件语句、表达式等。
接下来,我们需要在Bison代码中调用Flex生成的词法分析器,例如:
```
%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "lex.yy.h"
%}
%union {
char *s;
double f;
}
%token <s> ID
%token <f> NUMBER
%token IF ELSE WHILE FOR INT FLOAT CHAR VOID RETURN
%token PLUS MINUS TIMES DIVIDE ASSIGN EQ NE LT LE GT GE LPAREN RPAREN LBRACE RBRACE LBRACKET RBRACKET SEMICOLON COMMA
%left PLUS MINUS
%left TIMES DIVIDE
%nonassoc EQ NE LT LE GT GE
%start program
%%
program: declaration_list
{
printf("Parsing successful!\n");
exit(0);
}
;
declaration_list: declaration_list declaration
| declaration
;
declaration: var_declaration
| fun_declaration
;
var_declaration: type_specifier ID SEMICOLON
| type_specifier ID LBRACKET NUMBER RBRACKET SEMICOLON
;
type_specifier: INT
| FLOAT
| CHAR
;
fun_declaration: type_specifier ID LPAREN params RPAREN compound_stmt
;
params: param_list
| VOID
;
param_list: param_list COMMA param
| param
;
param: type_specifier ID
| type_specifier ID LBRACKET RBRACKET
;
compound_stmt: LBRACE local_declarations statement_list RBRACE
;
local_declarations: local_declarations var_declaration
| /* empty */
;
statement_list: statement_list statement
| /* empty */
;
statement: expression_stmt
| compound_stmt
| selection_stmt
| iteration_stmt
| return_stmt
;
expression_stmt: expression SEMICOLON
| SEMICOLON
;
selection_stmt: IF LPAREN expression RPAREN statement ELSE statement
| IF LPAREN expression RPAREN statement
;
iteration_stmt: WHILE LPAREN expression RPAREN statement
| FOR LPAREN expression_stmt expression_stmt expression RPAREN statement
;
return_stmt: RETURN SEMICOLON
| RETURN expression SEMICOLON
;
expression: var ASSIGN expression
| simple_expression
;
var: ID
| ID LBRACKET expression RBRACKET
;
simple_expression: additive_expression relop additive_expression
| additive_expression
;
additive_expression: additive_expression PLUS term
| additive_expression MINUS term
| term
;
term: term TIMES factor
| term DIVIDE factor
| factor
;
factor: LPAREN expression RPAREN
| var
| call
| NUMBER
;
call: ID LPAREN args RPAREN
;
args: arg_list
| /* empty */
;
arg_list: arg_list COMMA expression
| expression
;
relop: LT
| LE
| GT
| GE
| EQ
| NE
;
%%
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
FILE *f;
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s filename\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
f = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (!f) {
printf("Unable to open file %s\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}
yyin = f;
yyparse();
return 0;
}
void yyerror(char *s) {
printf("%s\n", s);
}
```
在Bison代码中,我们调用了Flex生成的词法分析器,并定义了语法规则、优先级等。同时,我们还定义了main函数和yyerror函数,用于读取输入文件并处理错误信息。
Step 3: 编译和运行程序
在完成代码的编写后,我们可以使用以下命令将代码编译为可执行文件:
```
flex lex.l
bison -d parser.y
gcc -o parser lex.yy.c parser.tab.c -lfl
```
运行程序时,我们需要指定一个C语言代码文件作为输入,例如:
```
./parser input.c
```
运行结果将显示语法分析是否成功,如果失败则会输出错误信息。
以上就是用Flex和Bison编写简单C语言代码语法分析器的详细步骤。希望对您有所帮助!
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