xx1, xx2 = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(x1_min, x1_max), np.linspace(x2_min, x2_max)) grid = np.c_[xx1.ravel(), xx2.ravel()]

这是一段 Python 代码，用于生成一个网格数据点的二维坐标。其中，xx1 和 xx2 通过 np.meshgrid 函数获得，np.linspace 函数用于生成一维的等差数列，ravel() 函数用于降维，np.c_ 函数将降维后的两个数组组合成一个二维数组。最终生成的 grid 数组即为所需的网格数据点坐标。

相关问题

def drawPlot(title,x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test): N,M=500,500 x1_min,x2_min=x_train.min() x1_max,x2_max=x_train.max() t1=np.linspace(x1_min,x1_max,N) t2=np.linspace(x2_min,x2_max,M) x1,x2=np.meshgrid(t1,t2) x_show=np.stack((x1.flat,x2.flat),axis=1) y_hat=model.predict(x_show) y_hat=y_hat.reshape(x1.shape) cm_light=mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['#F2F2C2','#E00E00','#FFFFFF']) cm_dark=mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['#FFFFFF','#000000','#CCCCCC']) plt.figure(figsize=(3,2.5),facecolor='w') plt.contour(x1,x2,y_hat,colors='k',levels=[0,1],antialiased=True,linewidths=1) plt.pcolormesh(x1,x2,y_hat,cmap=cm_light) plt.scatter(x_train[0],x_train[1],c=y_train,s=20,edgecolors='k',cmap=cm_dark,label='训练集') plt.scatter(x_test[0],x_test[1],c=y_test,s=80,marker='*',edgecolors='k',cmap=cm_dark,label='测试集') plt.xlabel('花萼长度',fontsize=9) plt.ylabel('花萼宽度',fontsize=9) plt.xlim(x1_min,x1_max) plt.ylim(x2_min,x2_max) plt.grid(b=True,ls=':',color='#606060') plt.suptitle(title,fontsize=8) plt.tight_layout(1,rect=(0,0,1,0.94)) plt.show()报错TypeError: tight_layout() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 positional argument (and 1 keyword-only argument) were given

这个错误是因为 tight_layout() 这个函数需要传入一个子图布局的矩形参数，但是在这里没有给定。你可以将代码中的 plt.tight_layout(1,rect=(0,0,1,0.94)) 修改为 plt.tight_layout(rect=(0,0,1,0.94))，这样就可以解决这个问题了。

翻译这段程序并自行赋值调用：import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import sklearn import sklearn.datasets import sklearn.linear_model def plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y): # Set min and max values and give it some padding x_min, x_max = X[0, :].min() - 1, X[0, :].max() + 1 y_min, y_max = X[1, :].min() - 1, X[1, :].max() + 1 h = 0.01 # Generate a grid of points with distance h between them xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h)) # Predict the function value for the whole grid Z = model(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]) Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape) # Plot the contour and training examples plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral) plt.ylabel('x2') plt.xlabel('x1') plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=y, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral) def sigmoid(x): s = 1/(1+np.exp(-x)) return s def load_planar_dataset(): np.random.seed(1) m = 400 # number of examples N = int(m/2) # number of points per class print(np.random.randn(N)) D = 2 # dimensionality X = np.zeros((m,D)) # data matrix where each row is a single example Y = np.zeros((m,1), dtype='uint8') # labels vector (0 for red, 1 for blue) a = 4 # maximum ray of the flower for j in range(2): ix = range(Nj,N(j+1)) t = np.linspace(j3.12,(j+1)3.12,N) + np.random.randn(N)0.2 # theta r = anp.sin(4t) + np.random.randn(N)0.2 # radius X[ix] = np.c_[rnp.sin(t), rnp.cos(t)] Y[ix] = j X = X.T Y = Y.T return X, Y def load_extra_datasets(): N = 200 noisy_circles = sklearn.datasets.make_circles(n_samples=N, factor=.5, noise=.3) noisy_moons = sklearn.datasets.make_moons(n_samples=N, noise=.2) blobs = sklearn.datasets.make_blobs(n_samples=N, random_state=5, n_features=2, centers=6) gaussian_quantiles = sklearn.datasets.make_gaussian_quantiles(mean=None, cov=0.5, n_samples=N, n_features=2, n_classes=2, shuffle=True, random_state=None) no_structure = np.random.rand(N, 2), np.random.rand(N, 2) return noisy_circles, noisy_moons, blobs, gaussian_quantiles, no_structure

这段程序是一个分类模型的辅助函数，包括了绘制决策边界、sigmoid函数和加载数据集的函数。具体实现如下：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import sklearn
import sklearn.datasets
import sklearn.linear_model

def plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y):
    # 设置最小值和最大值，并给它们一些填充
    x_min, x_max = X[0, :].min() - 1, X[0, :].max() + 1
    y_min, y_max = X[1, :].min() - 1, X[1, :].max() + 1
    h = 0.01

    # 生成一个网格，网格中点的距离为h
    xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h))

    # 对整个网格预测函数值
    Z = model(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
    Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)

    # 绘制轮廓和训练样本
    plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)
    plt.ylabel('x2')
    plt.xlabel('x1')
    plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=y, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)

def sigmoid(x):
    s = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))
    return s

def load_planar_dataset():
    np.random.seed(1)
    m = 400  # 样本数量
    N = int(m / 2)  # 每个类的样本数量

    # 生成数据集
    D = 2  # 特征维度
    X = np.zeros((m, D))  # 特征矩阵
    Y = np.zeros((m, 1), dtype='uint8')  # 标签向量

    a = 4  # 花的最大半径

    for j in range(2):
        ix = range(N*j, N*(j+1))
        t = np.linspace(j*3.12, (j+1)*3.12, N) + np.random.randn(N)*0.2  # theta
        r = a*np.sin(4*t) + np.random.randn(N)*0.2  # radius
        X[ix] = np.c_[r*np.sin(t), r*np.cos(t)]
        Y[ix] = j

    X = X.T
    Y = Y.T

    return X, Y

def load_extra_datasets():
    N = 200
    noisy_circles = sklearn.datasets.make_circles(n_samples=N, factor=.5, noise=.3)
    noisy_moons = sklearn.datasets.make_moons(n_samples=N, noise=.2)
    blobs = sklearn.datasets.make_blobs(n_samples=N, random_state=5, n_features=2, centers=6)
    gaussian_quantiles = sklearn.datasets.make_gaussian_quantiles(mean=None, cov=0.5, n_samples=N, n_features=2, n_classes=2, shuffle=True, random_state=None)
    no_structure = np.random.rand(N, 2), np.random.rand(N, 2)

    return noisy_circles, noisy_moons, blobs, gaussian_quantiles, no_structure

这段程序中包含了以下函数：

- `plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y)`：绘制分类模型的决策边界，其中`model`是分类模型，`X`是特征矩阵，`y`是标签向量。
- `sigmoid(x)`：实现sigmoid函数。
- `load_planar_dataset()`：加载一个二维的花瓣数据集。
- `load_extra_datasets()`：加载五个其他数据集。