多层感知机mnist

多层感知机（Multilayer Perceptron，MLP）是一种前馈神经网络，它由至少三层节点组成，其中一层是输入层，一层是输出层，其余层都是隐藏层。MLP通过反向传播算法进行训练，可以用于分类和回归问题。MNIST是一个手写数字识别数据集，包含60,000个训练样本和10,000个测试样本，MLP可以用于对MNIST数据集进行分类任务。以下是一个简单的MLP实现MNIST分类的代码示例：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms

# 定义超参数
batch_size = 64
learning_rate = 0.01
num_epochs = 10

# 加载MNIST数据集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor(), download=True)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=False, transform=transforms.ToTensor())

# 定义数据加载器
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False)

# 定义MLP模型
class MLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MLP, self).__init__()
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(784, 512)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(512, 256)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(256, 10)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.view(-1, 784)
        x = self.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = self.relu(self.fc2(x))
        x = self.fc3(x)
        return x

# 实例化模型和损失函数
model = MLP()
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# 定义优化器
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)

# 训练模型
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
        # 前向传播
        outputs = model(images)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)

        # 反向传播和优化
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        # 每100个batch输出一次训练状态
        if (i+1) % 100 == 0:
            print('Epoch [{}/{}], Step [{}/{}], Loss: {:.4f}'.format(epoch+1, num_epochs, i+1, len(train_loader), loss.item()))

# 测试模型
with torch.no_grad():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    for images, labels in test_loader:
        outputs = model(images)
        _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
        total += labels.size(0)
        correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

    print('Accuracy of the model on the 10000 test images: {} %'.format(100 * correct / total))