编写一个程序实现复数的四则运算

在 C++ 中，我们可以定义一个结构体或类来表示复数，包括实部 (real) 和虚部 (imaginary)，然后实现加、减、乘、除这四个基本的数学运算。这里我将展示一个简单的复数类实现：

#include <iostream>

class Complex {
public:
    // 定义复数的构造函数
    Complex(double real = 0, double imag = 0)
        : real(real), imag(imag) {}

    // 获取/设置实部和虚部
    double getReal() const { return real; }
    void setReal(double r) { real = r; }

    double getImaginary() const { return imag; }
    void setImaginary(double i) { imag = i; }

    // 复数运算方法（加法）
    Complex add(Complex other) {
        return Complex(real + other.real, imag + other.imag);
    }

    // 减法
    Complex subtract(Complex other) {
        return Complex(real - other.real, imag - other.imag);
    }

    // 乘法
    Complex multiply(Complex other) {
        return Complex(real * other.real - imag * other.imag,
                       real * other.imag + imag * other.real);
    }

    // 除法（假设除数不为零）
    Complex divide(Complex other) {
        double denominator = other.real * other.real + other.imag * other.imag;
        return Complex((real * other.real + imag * other.imag) / denominator,
                       (imag * other.real - real * other.imag) / denominator);
    }

private:
    double real, imag;  // 实部和虚部
};

int main() {
    Complex c1(3, 4);  // 创建复数 c1 = 3 + 4i
    Complex c2(1, 2);  // 创建复数 c2 = 1 + 2i

    Complex sum = c1.add(c2);
    Complex difference = c1.subtract(c2);
    Complex product = c1.multiply(c2);
    Complex quotient = c1.divide(c2);

    std::cout << "Sum: (" << sum.getReal() << ", " << sum.getImaginary() << ")\n";
    std::cout << "Difference: (" << difference.getReal() << ", " << difference.getImaginary() << ")\n";
    std::cout << "Product: (" << product.getReal() << ", " << product.getImaginary() << ")\n";
    std::cout << "Quotient: (" << quotient.getReal() << ", " << quotient.getImaginary() << ")\n";

    return 0;
}

这个程序首先创建了两个复数 `c1` 和 `c2`，然后分别进行了加、减、乘、除操作，并输出结果。