class KNearestNeighbor(object): def __init__(self): pass def train(self, X, y): self.X_train = X self.y_train = y def predict(self, X, k=1): num_test = X.shape[0] num_train = self.X_train.shape[0] dists = np.zeros((num_test, num_train)) d1 = -2 * np.dot(X, self.X_train.T) d2 = np.sum(np.square(X), axis=1, keepdims=True) d3 = np.sum(np.square(self.X_train), axis=1) dist = np.sqrt(d1 + d2 + d3) y_pred = np.zeros(num_test) for i in range(num_test): dist_k_min = np.argsort(dist[i])[:k] y_kclose = self.y_train[dist_k_min] y_pred[i] = np.argmax(np.bincount(y_kclose.tolist())) return y_pred注释每一行代码

这是一个K最近邻分类器的Python实现，以下是每一行代码的注释：

class KNearestNeighbor(object):

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    # 训练函数，输入训练数据X和对应的标签y
    def train(self, X, y):
        self.X_train = X
        self.y_train = y

    # 预测函数，输入测试数据X和参数k表示选择的最近邻数，默认为1
    def predict(self, X, k=1):
        num_test = X.shape[0]   # 测试数据集的大小
        num_train = self.X_train.shape[0]   # 训练数据集的大小
        dists = np.zeros((num_test, num_train))  # 创建一个距离矩阵，大小为(num_test, num_train)

        # 计算测试数据集和训练数据集之间的距离
        d1 = -2 * np.dot(X, self.X_train.T)  # 先计算两个矩阵的乘积，再将结果乘以-2
        d2 = np.sum(np.square(X), axis=1, keepdims=True)  # 计算测试数据集中每个数据的平方和
        d3 = np.sum(np.square(self.X_train), axis=1)  # 计算训练数据集中每个数据的平方和
        dist = np.sqrt(d1 + d2 + d3)  # 计算欧几里得距离

        y_pred = np.zeros(num_test)  # 创建一个长度为num_test的数组，用于存储预测结果

        # 针对每个测试数据，选出距离最近的k个训练数据，并进行分类
        for i in range(num_test):
            dist_k_min = np.argsort(dist[i])[:k]  # 选出距离最近的k个训练数据
            y_kclose = self.y_train[dist_k_min]   # 获取这k个训练数据的标签
            y_pred[i] = np.argmax(np.bincount(y_kclose.tolist()))  # 对这k个训练数据的标签进行投票，选出最多的标签作为预测结果

        return y_pred