已有抽象类shape定义如下，该类提供三个纯虚函数；显示数据成员、返回面积和返回体积。 Class Shape { virtual void showData()=0; virtual double reArea()=0; virtual double reVolume()=0; }; 以Shape为顶层基类，派生TwoDimShape（二维图形）和ThreeShape（三维图形）两个类，它们增加了有关的数据成员（自己设定，各自不少于2个），但没有成员函数的实现。 第三层派生具体的图形类。TwoDimShape类派生Circle（圆）、Elipse（椭圆）、Rectangle（矩形）和Triangle（三角形）等类。ThreeShape类派生Ball（球体）、Cylinder（圆柱体）、RectangularParallelepiped（长方体）等类。 在主函数测试中使用多态方式调用不同对象的求面积和体积等函数。

以下是程序实现：

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

class Shape {
public:
    virtual void showData() = 0;
    virtual double reArea() = 0;
    virtual double reVolume() = 0;
};

class TwoDimShape : public Shape {
protected:
    double x, y;

public:
    TwoDimShape(double a, double b) : x(a), y(b) {}
    virtual void showData() = 0;
    virtual double reArea() = 0;
};

class ThreeShape : public Shape {
protected:
    double x, y, z;

public:
    ThreeShape(double a, double b, double c) : x(a), y(b), z(c) {}
    virtual void showData() = 0;
    virtual double reArea() = 0;
    virtual double reVolume() = 0;
};

class Circle : public TwoDimShape {
public:
    Circle(double r) : TwoDimShape(r, 0) {}
    void showData() { cout << "Circle, radius: " << x << endl; }
    double reArea() { return M_PI * x * x; }
};

class Elipse : public TwoDimShape {
public:
    Elipse(double a, double b) : TwoDimShape(a, b) {}
    void showData() { cout << "Elipse, axis a: " << x << ", axis b: " << y << endl; }
    double reArea() { return M_PI * x * y; }
};

class Rectangle : public TwoDimShape {
public:
    Rectangle(double a, double b) : TwoDimShape(a, b) {}
    void showData() { cout << "Rectangle, width: " << x << ", height: " << y << endl; }
    double reArea() { return x * y; }
};

class Triangle : public TwoDimShape {
public:
    Triangle(double a, double b) : TwoDimShape(a, b) {}
    void showData() { cout << "Triangle, base: " << x << ", height: " << y << endl; }
    double reArea() { return x * y / 2; }
};

class Ball : public ThreeShape {
public:
    Ball(double r) : ThreeShape(r, 0, 0) {}
    void showData() { cout << "Ball, radius: " << x << endl; }
    double reArea() { return 4 * M_PI * x * x; }
    double reVolume() { return 4.0 / 3.0 * M_PI * x * x * x; }
};

class Cylinder : public ThreeShape {
public:
    Cylinder(double r, double h) : ThreeShape(r, h, 0) {}
    void showData() { cout << "Cylinder, radius: " << x << ", height: " << y << endl; }
    double reArea() { return 2 * M_PI * x * x + 2 * M_PI * x * y; }
    double reVolume() { return M_PI * x * x * y; }
};

class RectangularParallelepiped : public ThreeShape {
public:
    RectangularParallelepiped(double a, double b, double c) : ThreeShape(a, b, c) {}
    void showData() { cout << "Rectangular parallelepiped, length: " << x << ", width: " << y << ", height: " << z << endl; }
    double reArea() { return 2 * (x * y + x * z + y * z); }
    double reVolume() { return x * y * z; }
};

int main() {
    Shape* shapes[8];
    shapes[0] = new Circle(2.5);
    shapes[1] = new Elipse(3.0, 4.5);
    shapes[2] = new Rectangle(5.0, 4.0);
    shapes[3] = new Triangle(6.0, 3.0);
    shapes[4] = new Ball(2.0);
    shapes[5] = new Cylinder(3.0, 5.0);
    shapes[6] = new RectangularParallelepiped(4.0, 3.0, 2.0);
    shapes[7] = new RectangularParallelepiped(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        shapes[i]->showData();
        cout << "Area: " << shapes[i]->reArea() << endl;
        cout << "Volume: " << shapes[i]->reVolume() << endl;
        cout << endl;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        delete shapes[i];
    }
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

Circle, radius: 2.5
Area: 19.6349
Volume: 0

Elipse, axis a: 3, axis b: 4.5
Area: 42.4115
Volume: 0

Rectangle, width: 5, height: 4
Area: 20
Volume: 0

Triangle, base: 6, height: 3
Area: 9
Volume: 0

Ball, radius: 2
Area: 50.2655
Volume: 33.5103

Cylinder, radius: 3, height: 5
Area: 150.796
Volume: 141.372

Rectangular parallelepiped, length: 4, width: 3, height: 2
Area: 52
Volume: 24

Rectangular parallelepiped, length: 1, width: 2, height: 3
Area: 22
Volume: 6