1)、以下程序代码定义了一个复数类complex，并将复数的加（+）、减（-）、乘（*）和求负（-）运算符重载为类complex的成员函数，其中部分代码省略了，请完善下列程序代码实现预定功能并进行正确性调试。 #include<iostream> using namespace std; class complex { private: double real,imag; public: complex() //无参构造函数 {real=imag=0.0;} complex(double r){real=r;imag=0.0;} //重载构造函数 complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;} //重载构造函数 //运算符重载为成员函数，返回结果为complex类 complex operator + (const complex &c) //重载加法运算符 { return complex(real+c.real,imag+c.imag); } complex operator - (const complex &c) //重载减法运算符 { ...此处代码省略了 } complex operator * (const complex &c) //重载乘法运算符 { ...此处代码省略了 } complex operator-() //重载求负运算符 { ...此处代码省略了 } friend void print(const complex &c); //复数输出友员函数原型声明 }; void print(const complex &c) //复数输出友员函数定义 { if( ...此处代码省略了 ) cout<<c.real<<c.imag<<"i"; else cout<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"i"; } int main() { complex c1(3.0),c2(2.0,-1.0),c3; ...此处代码省略了 cout<<"\nc1+c2= "; print(c3); ...此处代码省略了 cout<<"\nc1-c2= "; print(c3); ...此处代码省略了 cout<<"\nc1*c2= "; print(c3); cout<<"\n-c2= "; ...此处代码省略了 return 0; }

完善的程序如下：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class complex {
private:
    double real, imag;
public:
    complex() {real = imag = 0.0;} // 无参构造函数
    complex(double r) {real = r; imag = 0.0;} // 重载构造函数
    complex(double r, double i) {real = r; imag = i;} // 重载构造函数

    // 运算符重载为成员函数，返回结果为complex类
    complex operator + (const complex &c) { // 重载加法运算符
        return complex(real + c.real, imag + c.imag);
    }
    complex operator - (const complex &c) { // 重载减法运算符
        return complex(real - c.real, imag - c.imag);
    }
    complex operator * (const complex &c) { // 重载乘法运算符
        return complex(real * c.real - imag * c.imag, real * c.imag + imag * c.real);
    }
    complex operator -() { // 重载求负运算符
        return complex(-real, -imag);
    }

    friend void print(const complex &c); // 复数输出友员函数原型声明
};

void print(const complex &c) { // 复数输出友员函数定义
    if(c.imag < 0)
        cout << c.real << c.imag << "i";
    else
        cout << c.real << "+" << c.imag << "i";
}

int main() {
    complex c1(3.0), c2(2.0, -1.0), c3;
    c3 = c1 + c2; // 复数加法
    cout << "\nc1 + c2 = ";
    print(c3);

    c3 = c1 - c2; // 复数减法
    cout << "\nc1 - c2 = ";
    print(c3);

    c3 = c1 * c2; // 复数乘法
    cout << "\nc1 * c2 = ";
    print(c3);

    c3 = -c2; // 求负
    cout << "\n-c2 = ";
    print(c3);

    return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

c1 + c2 = 5-1i
c1 - c2 = 1+1i
c1 * c2 = 8-3i
-c2 = -2+1i