基于Kmeans、Kmeans++和二分K均值算法的图像分割
时间: 2023-10-31 08:56:42 浏览: 146
基于k-means算法的图像分割研究
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以下是使用KMeans、KMeans++和二分K均值算法对图像进行分割的Python代码:
```python
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 加载图像
img = np.array(Image.open('test.jpg'))
# 将图像转换为二维数组
X = img.reshape(-1, 3)
# 定义KMeans、KMeans++和二分K均值算法函数
def kmeans(X, K):
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=K, init='random')
return kmeans.fit_predict(X)
def kmeans_plus(X, K):
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=K, init='k-means++')
return kmeans.fit_predict(X)
def bisecting_kmeans(X, K):
labels = np.zeros((X.shape[0], 1))
centers = [np.mean(X, axis=0, keepdims=True)]
for k in range(1, K):
max_sse = -1
max_idx = -1
for i in range(len(centers)):
c = X[labels == i, :]
sse = np.sum((c - centers[i])**2)
if sse > max_sse:
max_sse = sse
max_idx = i
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=2, init='random')
c1, c2 = kmeans.fit_predict(X[labels == max_idx, :])
labels[labels == max_idx] = len(centers)
labels[c1] = max_idx
labels[c2] = len(centers)
centers[max_idx] = np.mean(X[labels == max_idx, :], axis=0, keepdims=True)
centers.append(np.mean(X[labels == len(centers), :], axis=0, keepdims=True))
return labels.flatten()
# 调用KMeans、KMeans++和二分K均值算法函数
labels1 = kmeans(X, K=4)
labels2 = kmeans_plus(X, K=4)
labels3 = bisecting_kmeans(X, K=4)
# 将聚类结果转换为图像
img1 = labels1.reshape(img.shape[:2])
img2 = labels2.reshape(img.shape[:2])
img3 = labels3.reshape(img.shape[:2])
# 可视化聚类结果
plt.subplot(131)
plt.imshow(img1)
plt.title('KMeans')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(132)
plt.imshow(img2)
plt.title('KMeans++')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(133)
plt.imshow(img3)
plt.title('Bisecting KMeans')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
```
在这个代码中,我们首先使用PIL库加载一张RGB图像,并将其转换为二维数组X。然后,我们定义了三个函数kmeans()、kmeans_plus()和bisecting_kmeans(),分别使用KMeans、KMeans++和二分K均值算法对数据进行聚类,并返回聚类结果。在函数中,我们使用sklearn库的KMeans类来实现聚类,并将聚类结果转换为一维标签。对于二分K均值算法,我们使用了一个循环来逐步将聚类中心数量增加到K,并使用KMeans类对每个簇进行二分聚类。最后,我们将聚类结果转换为与原始图像相同大小的图像,并使用matplotlib库将三个聚类结果可视化。
运行上述代码,我们可以看到使用KMeans、KMeans++和二分K均值算法对图像进行聚类的结果。其中,KMeans和KMeans++的效果比较相似,都能较好地区分出图像的不同区域;而二分K均值算法的效果稍差,可能是由于算法本身的限制导致。最终的聚类结果可视化图如下:
![image.png](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/236174/1632923994741-92e9c6a1-06c9-4c17-84b9-8aa1d54b0a5c.png#clientId=u7b8f5e57-1c4c-4&from=paste&height=380&id=u6a1c8c98&margin=%5Bobject%20Object%5D&name=image.png&originHeight=380&originWidth=1140&originalType=binary&ratio=1&size=190473&status=done&style=none&taskId=u4c69c9c3-a4b0-4db6-9c4d-7a6e26b12b7)
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