self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(num_features=out_channels*expansion)
时间: 2024-02-29 13:57:34 浏览: 16
这段代码是使用PyTorch中的nn.BatchNorm2d模块来实现二维批量归一化操作。其中,num_features表示输入特征的通道数,也就是输入的数据的深度;out_channels表示输出特征的通道数,也就是卷积层中卷积核的数量;expansion是一个扩展系数,用于对卷积核的输出通道数进行扩展。
在深层神经网络中,由于每一层的输出都会传递给下一层作为输入,而每一层的输入数据的均值和方差都可能发生变化,因此会影响到网络中后面层的学习效果。为了解决这个问题,批量归一化(Batch Normalization, BN)被引入到神经网络中,通过将每个batch的数据进行归一化,使得不同batch的均值和方差保持一致,从而加速神经网络的训练过程。
在这里,nn.BatchNorm2d模块的作用就是对二维卷积层的输出进行批量归一化操作,使得不同batch的均值和方差保持一致。具体来说,该模块会对每个通道的特征图进行归一化,并通过可学习的缩放参数和偏移参数进行线性变换,从而获得更好的特征表示。在训练过程中,nn.BatchNorm2d模块会自动计算每个通道的均值和方差,并根据公式进行归一化处理;在测试过程中,模块会使用在训练过程中计算得到的均值和方差进行归一化处理。
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为以下每句代码做注释:class Bottleneck(nn.Module): expansion = 4 def init(self, in_channel, out_channel, stride=1, downsample=None): super(Bottleneck, self).init() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False) # squeeze channels self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=out_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, bias=False, padding=1) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel) self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=out_channel, out_channels=out_channel * self.expansion, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False) # unsqueeze channels self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel * self.expansion) self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.downsample = downsample def forward(self, x): identity = x if self.downsample is not None: identity = self.downsample(x) out = self.conv1(x) out = self.bn1(out) out = self.relu(out) out = self.conv2(out) out = self.bn2(out) out = self.relu(out) out = self.conv3(out) out = self.bn3(out) out += identity out = self.relu(out) return out
这段代码定义了一个名为 Bottleneck 的类,继承自 nn.Module。Bottleneck 是 ResNet 中的一种基础块,由三个卷积层组成。
- expansion = 4:用于扩展通道数,即输出通道数是输入通道数的 expansion 倍。
- def __init__(self, in_channel, out_channel, stride=1, downsample=None):构造函数,传入参数为输入通道数、输出通道数、步幅和下采样。
- super(Bottleneck, self).__init__():调用父类的构造函数。
- self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False):第一个卷积层,使用 1x1 的卷积核进行降维,减少通道数。
- self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel):第一个 BatchNormalization 层。
- self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=out_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, bias=False, padding=1):第二个卷积层,使用 3x3 的卷积核进行特征提取。
- self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel):第二个 BatchNormalization 层。
- self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=out_channel, out_channels=out_channel * self.expansion, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False):第三个卷积层,使用 1x1 的卷积核进行升维,扩展通道数。
- self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel * self.expansion):第三个 BatchNormalization 层。
- self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True):ReLU 激活函数。
- self.downsample = downsample:下采样函数,用于调整输入和输出的维度。
- def forward(self, x):前向传播函数,传入参数为输入数据 x。
- identity = x:将输入数据保存下来。
- if self.downsample is not None: identity = self.downsample(x):如果下采样函数不为空,则使用下采样函数调整输入数据。
- out = self.conv1(x):第一个卷积层的前向传播。
- out = self.bn1(out):第一个 BatchNormalization 层的前向传播。
- out = self.relu(out):ReLU 激活函数的前向传播。
- out = self.conv2(out):第二个卷积层的前向传播。
- out = self.bn2(out):第二个 BatchNormalization 层的前向传播。
- out = self.relu(out):ReLU 激活函数的前向传播。
- out = self.conv3(out):第三个卷积层的前向传播。
- out = self.bn3(out):第三个 BatchNormalization 层的前向传播。
- out += identity:将输入数据和经过卷积后的数据相加,实现残差连接。
- out = self.relu(out):ReLU 激活函数的前向传播。
- return out:返回经过 Bottleneck 块处理后的数据。
class BasicBlock2D(nn.Module): expansion = 1 def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1): super(BasicBlock2D, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) self.shortcut = nn.Sequential() if stride != 1 or in_channels != self.expansion * out_channels: self.shortcut = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(in_channels, self.expansion * out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False), nn.BatchNorm2d(self.expansion * out_channels) ) def forward(self, x): out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) out = self.bn2(self.conv2(out)) out += self.shortcut(x) out = F.relu(out) return out # 定义二维ResNet-18模型 class ResNet18_2D(nn.Module): def __init__(self, num_classes=1000): super(ResNet18_2D, self).__init__() self.in_channels = 64 self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64) self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1) self.layer1 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 64, 2, stride=1) self.layer2 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 128, 2, stride=2) self.layer3 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 256, 2, stride=2) self.layer4 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 512, 2, stride=2) self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1)) self.fc = nn.Linear(512 , 512) def _make_layer(self, block, out_channels, num_blocks, stride): layers = [] layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride)) self.in_channels = out_channels * block.expansion for _ in range(1, num_blocks): layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels)) return nn.Sequential(*layers) def forward(self, x): out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) out = self.maxpool(out) out = self.layer1(out) out = self.layer2(out) out = self.layer3(out) out = self.layer4(out) out = self.avgpool(out) # print(out.shape) out = out.view(out.size(0), -1) out = self.fc(out) return out改为用稀疏表示替换全连接层
为了用稀疏表示替换全连接层,需要先将特征图展平,然后使用稀疏矩阵与其进行乘法运算。
以下是修改后的代码:
```
import torch.sparse as sparse
class ResNet18_2D(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):
super(ResNet18_2D, self).__init__()
self.in_channels = 64
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
self.layer1 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 64, 2, stride=1)
self.layer2 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 128, 2, stride=2)
self.layer3 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 256, 2, stride=2)
self.layer4 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 512, 2, stride=2)
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
# 替换全连接层
self.fc = nn.Identity()
def _make_layer(self, block, out_channels, num_blocks, stride):
layers = []
layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride))
self.in_channels = out_channels * block.expansion
for _ in range(1, num_blocks):
layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
def forward(self, x):
out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
out = self.maxpool(out)
out = self.layer1(out)
out = self.layer2(out)
out = self.layer3(out)
out = self.layer4(out)
out = self.avgpool(out)
out = out.view(out.size(0), -1)
# 使用稀疏矩阵与展平后的特征图进行乘法运算
out = sparse.mm(out, nn.Parameter(torch.randn(out.size(1), 512)))
return out
```