求解八皇后问题遗传算法代码
时间: 2024-10-30 16:04:58 浏览: 5
求解八皇后问题的遗传算法是一种将生物进化原理应用到计算机优化问题中的搜索策略。基本步骤包括:
1. 初始化种群:随机生成一系列包含八皇后布局的棋盘表示,每个个体是一个二进制数组,其中0表示空位,1表示皇后。
2. 适应度函数:评估每个个体(即棋局),通常使用的是未冲突皇后数作为适应度,适应度越高代表解越优。
3. 选择操作:基于一定的概率(如轮盘赌选择法)从当前种群中选择优秀的个体进入下一代。
4. 遗传操作:通过交叉(例如单点交叉、两点交叉等)和变异(随机改变一些位置的值)来生成新的个体。
5. 重复迭代:不断进行上述步骤直到满足停止条件,比如达到最大迭代次数或找到满意的解。
以下是简化的Python遗传算法示例(注意这只是一个基础版本,实际应用需要更复杂的编码和优化):
```python
import random
class QueenChromosome:
def __init__(self, length=8):
self.chromosome = [0] * length
def generate_initial_population(size, length):
return [QueenChromosome(length) for _ in range(size)]
def fitness(chromosome):
conflicts = 0
# ...计算冲突计数...
return len(chromosome.chromosome) - conflicts
def selection(population):
fitnesses = [fitness(chrom) for chrom in population]
probabilities = [f / sum(fitnesses) for f in fitnesses]
return weighted_random_selection(population, probabilities)
# 更复杂的操作...
def crossover(parent1, parent2):
# ...交叉操作...
def mutation(chromosome):
# ...变异操作...
def genetic_algorithm(pop_size, max_iterations, length):
population = generate_initial_population(pop_size, length)
best_solution = None
for iteration in range(max_iterations):
new_generation = []
for _ in range(pop_size):
parent1, parent2 = selection(population)
child = crossover(parent1, parent2)
child = mutation(child)
new_generation.append(child)
population = new_generation
if best_solution is None or fitness(best_solution) < fitness(population[0]):
best_solution = population[0]
print(f"Iteration {iteration + 1}: Best Fitness: {fitness(best_solution)}")
return best_solution
# 示例调用
solution = genetic_algorithm(100, 1000, 8)
print("Solution found:", solution.chromosome)
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