如何用c语言创建一个一元多项式的链表

在C语言中，你可以使用链表来存储一元多项式的系数和对应的变量指数。这种设计通常称为“散列链接”或“动态数组”，因为链表节点的内存分配可以根据需要动态调整。下面是创建和操作一元多项式链表的基本步骤：

1. **定义链表节点结构**:

typedef struct Term {
    int coefficient;
    int exponent;
    struct Term* next; // 指向下一个节点的指针
} Term;

2. **创建链表**:

Term* create_polynomial() {
    return NULL; // 初始化链表为空
}

Term* insert_term(Term* list, int coefficient, int exponent) {
    Term* new_term = (Term*)malloc(sizeof(Term));
    if (new_term == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed.\n");
        return NULL;
    }
    new_term->coefficient = coefficient;
    new_term->exponent = exponent;
    new_term->next = list;
    return new_term;
}

3. **添加多项式项**:

Term* add_terms(Term* poly1, Term* poly2) {
    Term* current1 = poly1;
    Term* current2 = poly2;

    while (current1 != NULL && current2 != NULL) {
        Term* merged = insert_term(NULL, current1->coefficient + current2->coefficient, current1->exponent);
        if (merged == NULL) return NULL;
        current1 = current1->next;
        current2 = current2->next;
    }

    // 如果其中一个链表还有剩余项，则追加剩下的部分
    if (current1 != NULL) {
        while (current1 != NULL) {
            merged = insert_term(NULL, current1->coefficient, current1->exponent);
            if (merged == NULL) return NULL;
            current1 = current1->next;
        }
    } else if (current2 != NULL) {
        while (current2 != NULL) {
            merged = insert_term(NULL, current2->coefficient, current2->exponent);
            if (merged == NULL) return NULL;
            current2 = current2->next;
        }
    }

    return list;
}

4. **遍历和打印多项式**:

void print_polynomial(Term* list) {
    Term* current = list;
    while (current != NULL) {
        printf("%d*x^%d + ", current->coefficient, current->exponent);
        current = current->next;
    }
    printf("0\n"); // 输出结束符
}