#include <string>-#include <iostream>using namespace std:class shapel public: double getArea()(retur
时间: 2024-11-22 19:47:08 浏览: 2
`#include <string>` 和 `#include <iostream>` 是 C++ 中常用的头文件,分别用于字符串处理和输入输出操作。在这个头文件组合中,通常会出现在需要进行文本交互或字符串计算的程序中。
`class Shape` 似乎是一个自定义的 C++ 类,表示形状基础类。`getArea()` 函数是一个虚函数,返回一个 double 类型的值,代表该形状的面积。在这里,`Shape` 类可能用于定义一个形状家族,如 Circle、Rectangle 等,它们都有面积属性,但是计算方法各异。
`virtual double getArea() const;` 的意思是这个函数声明为虚拟的,并且有 const 关键字,意味着它可以在常量对象上调用。这样可以确保派生类能覆盖并提供自己的 `getArea` 计算实现。
例如,一个具体的圆形类 `Circle` 可能这样实现:
```cpp
class Circle : public Shape {
private:
double radius;
public:
Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}
virtual double getArea() const override { return M_PI * radius * radius; } // 返回圆的面积
};
```
相关问题
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <string> using namespace std; class Shape { public: virtual double getArea() = 0; virtual string getName() = 0; void setWidth(double w) { width = w; } void setHeight(double h) { height = h; } protected: double width; double height; }; class Rectangle: public Shape { public: double getArea() { return (width * height); } string getName() { return "矩形"; } }; class Triangle: public Shape { public: double getArea() { return (width * height)/2; } string getName() { return "三角形"; } }; template<typename T> double getTotalArea(vector<T>& shapes) { double total = 0; for (typename vector<T>::iterator it = shapes.begin(); it != shapes.end();++it) { total += *it->getArea(); } return total; } class CompareShapes { public: bool operator()(Shape* a, Shape* b) { return a->getArea() < b->getArea(); } }; int main() { vector<Shape*> shapes; Rectangle rect1; rect1.setWidth(5); rect1.setHeight(7); Rectangle rect2; rect2.setWidth(3); rect2.setHeight(4); Triangle tri1; tri1.setWidth(5); tri1.setHeight(7); Triangle tri2; tri2.setWidth(3); tri2.setHeight(4); shapes.push_back(&rect1); shapes.push_back(&rect2); shapes.push_back(&tri1); shapes.push_back(&tri2); cout << "图形集合的总面积为:" << getTotalArea(shapes) << endl; sort(shapes.begin(), shapes.end(), CompareShapes()); cout << "图形集合中面积最大的图形是:" << shapes.back()->getName() << endl; return 0; }此段代码有错误不能运行,,请帮忙改正
在 `getTotalArea` 函数的 for 循环中,应该改为 `total += (*it)->getArea();`,因为 `it` 是一个指向指针的迭代器,需要先解引用得到指针,再调用其成员函数。另外,类的定义应该放在 `main` 函数之前。以下是修改后的代码:
```
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Shape {
public:
virtual double getArea() = 0;
virtual string getName() = 0;
void setWidth(double w) { width = w; }
void setHeight(double h) { height = h; }
protected:
double width;
double height;
};
class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
double getArea() {
return (width * height);
}
string getName() {
return "矩形";
}
};
class Triangle : public Shape {
public:
double getArea() {
return (width * height) / 2;
}
string getName() {
return "三角形";
}
};
template<typename T>
double getTotalArea(vector<T>& shapes) {
double total = 0;
for (typename vector<T>::iterator it = shapes.begin(); it != shapes.end(); ++it) {
total += (*it)->getArea();
}
return total;
}
class CompareShapes {
public:
bool operator()(Shape* a, Shape* b) {
return a->getArea() < b->getArea();
}
};
int main() {
vector<Shape*> shapes;
Rectangle rect1;
rect1.setWidth(5);
rect1.setHeight(7);
Rectangle rect2;
rect2.setWidth(3);
rect2.setHeight(4);
Triangle tri1;
tri1.setWidth(5);
tri1.setHeight(7);
Triangle tri2;
tri2.setWidth(3);
tri2.setHeight(4);
shapes.push_back(&rect1);
shapes.push_back(&rect2);
shapes.push_back(&tri1);
shapes.push_back(&tri2);
cout << "图形集合的总面积为:" << getTotalArea(shapes) << endl;
sort(shapes.begin(), shapes.end(), CompareShapes());
cout << "图形集合中面积最大的图形是:" << shapes.back()->getName() << endl;
return 0;
}
```
每个TwoDimensionShape包含getArea函数,计算二维图形的面积。每个ThreeDimensionShape包含getArea和getVolume函数,计算三维图形的表面积和体积。在主函数中,定义shape的指针数组,分别指向层次结构中的各个具体对象。输出每个对象。在循环中,处理所有图形,确定每个图形是TwoDimensionShape还是ThreeDimensionShape,如果图形是TwoDimensionShape,则显示它的面积。如果图形是ThreeDimensionShape,则显示三维图形的表面积和体积。 程序说明: 1、dynamic_cast强制类型转换 dynamic_cast为C++的强制类型转换方法,主要用于基类和派生类直接的类型转换。更多细节请自行google。 2、输出格式: cout << "Square with side length " <<...<< "; center at (" <<...<< ", " <<... << ")"; cout << "Circle with radius " << ... << "; center at (" << ... << ", " << ...<< ")"; cout << "Cube with side length " <<... << "; center at (" << ... << ", " << ... << ")"; cout << "Sphere with radius " << ... << "; center at (" << ... << ", " << ...<< ")";写个代码
以下是题解:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class Shape {
public:
virtual ~Shape() {}
};
class TwoDimensionShape : public Shape {
public:
virtual double getArea() const = 0;
};
class ThreeDimensionShape : public Shape {
public:
virtual double getArea() const = 0;
virtual double getVolume() const = 0;
};
class Point {
public:
Point(double x = 0, double y = 0, double z = 0) : _x(x), _y(y), _z(z) {}
double getX() const { return _x; }
double getY() const { return _y; }
double getZ() const { return _z; }
private:
double _x, _y, _z;
};
class Square : public TwoDimensionShape {
public:
Square(double side, double x, double y) : _side(side), _center(x, y) {}
double getArea() const { return _side * _side; }
Point getCenter() const { return _center; }
private:
double _side;
Point _center;
};
class Circle : public TwoDimensionShape {
public:
Circle(double radius, double x, double y) : _radius(radius), _center(x, y) {}
double getArea() const { return M_PI * _radius * _radius; }
Point getCenter() const { return _center; }
private:
double _radius;
Point _center;
};
class Cube : public ThreeDimensionShape {
public:
Cube(double side, double x, double y, double z) : _side(side), _center(x, y, z) {}
double getArea() const { return 6 * _side * _side; }
double getVolume() const { return _side * _side * _side; }
Point getCenter() const { return _center; }
private:
double _side;
Point _center;
};
class Sphere : public ThreeDimensionShape {
public:
Sphere(double radius, double x, double y, double z) : _radius(radius), _center(x, y, z) {}
double getArea() const { return 4 * M_PI * _radius * _radius; }
double getVolume() const { return 4.0 / 3.0 * M_PI * _radius * _radius * _radius; }
Point getCenter() const { return _center; }
private:
double _radius;
Point _center;
};
int main() {
Shape* shapes[] = {
new Square(2.0, 0.0, 0.0),
new Circle(1.5, 1.0, 1.0),
new Cube(3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0),
new Sphere(2.5, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0)
};
int n = sizeof(shapes) / sizeof(shapes[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (auto p = dynamic_cast<TwoDimensionShape*>(shapes[i])) {
cout << "Square with side length " << sqrt(p->getArea())
<< "; center at (" << p->getCenter().getX() << ", " << p->getCenter().getY() << ")" << endl;
} else if (auto p = dynamic_cast<ThreeDimensionShape*>(shapes[i])) {
cout << "Cube with side length " << pow(p->getArea() / 6, 1.0 / 3.0)
<< "; center at (" << p->getCenter().getX() << ", " << p->getCenter().getY() << ", " << p->getCenter().getZ() << ")" << endl;
cout << "Sphere with radius " << pow(p->getVolume() * 3 / (4 * M_PI), 1.0 / 3.0)
<< "; center at (" << p->getCenter().getX() << ", " << p->getCenter().getY() << ", " << p->getCenter().getZ() << ")" << endl;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
delete shapes[i];
}
return 0;
}
```
思路:
本题要求定义两个抽象类 TwoDimensionShape 和 ThreeDimensionShape,分别表示二维图形和三维图形,并在它们的基础上定义 Square、Circle、Cube 和 Sphere 四个具体类。
在主函数中,定义一个指针数组 shapes,分别指向层次结构中的各个具体对象。在循环中,处理所有图形,确定每个图形是 TwoDimensionShape 还是 ThreeDimensionShape,如果图形是 TwoDimensionShape,则显示它的面积。如果图形是 ThreeDimensionShape,则显示三维图形的表面积和体积。
细节:
- 在 Square 和 Circle 中,使用 Point 类保存图形的中心坐标。
- 在 Cube 和 Sphere 中,也使用 Point 类保存图形的中心坐标。
- 在判断图形类型时,使用 dynamic_cast 进行类型转换,如果转换成功,则说明该图形是 TwoDimensionShape 或 ThreeDimensionShape 子类,然后调用相应的函数进行输出。
- 在输出 Cube 和 Sphere 时,分别使用公式计算它们的边长和半径。
时间复杂度:$O(n)$(其中 $n$ 为图形数)
空间复杂度:$O(n)$
完整代码:
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