Abstract Factory Pattern设计模式及C++代码

Abstract Factory Pattern是一种设计模式，它是创建对象的工厂模式的变体，允许对象在运行时被替换。

Abstract Factory模式提供了一种方法，可以创建一组相关或相互依赖的对象，而不需要明确指定其具体类。

下面是一个C语言的代码示例，该代码实现了一个抽象工厂模式，该模式创建一组车辆：

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct IVehicle IVehicle;
struct IVehicle {
    void (*Drive)(IVehicle *);
};

typedef struct Car Car;
struct Car {
    IVehicle base;
    int wheelCount;
};

void Car_Drive(IVehicle *vehicle) {
    Car *car = (Car *)vehicle;
    printf("Driving a car with %d wheels\n", car->wheelCount);
}

typedef struct Bike Bike;
struct Bike {
    IVehicle base;
    int pedalCount;
};

void Bike_Drive(IVehicle *vehicle) {
    Bike *bike = (Bike *)vehicle;
    printf("Riding a bike with %d pedals\n", bike->pedalCount);
}

typedef struct IVehicleFactory IVehicleFactory;
struct IVehicleFactory {
    IVehicle *(*CreateVehicle)(IVehicleFactory *);
};

typedef struct CarFactory CarFactory;
struct CarFactory {
    IVehicleFactory base;
};

IVehicle *CarFactory_CreateVehicle(IVehicleFactory *factory) {
    Car *car = (Car *)malloc(sizeof(Car));
    car->base.Drive = &Car_Drive;
    car->wheelCount = 4;
    return (IVehicle *)car;
}

typedef struct BikeFactory BikeFactory;
struct BikeFactory {
    IVehicleFactory base;
};

IVehicle *BikeFactory_CreateVehicle(IVehicleFactory *factory) {
    Bike *bike = (Bike *)malloc(sizeof(Bike));
    bike->base.Drive = &Bike_Drive;
    bike->pedalCount = 2;
    return (IVehicle *)bike;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    CarFactory carFactory = { { &CarFactory_CreateVehicle } };
    IVehicle *vehicle = carFactory.base.CreateVehicle((IVehicleFactory *)