test.append(test_score)

时间: 2023-07-22 21:16:12 浏览: 43
test.append(test_score) 是 Python 语言中的列表操作，它的作用是将 test_score 这个变量的值添加到名为 test 的列表的末尾。这个操作可以用于保存模型在测试数据上的得分或者其他需要记录的数据。当我们需要多次运行模型并保存每次得分时，使用 test.append(test_score) 可以方便地将每次得分添加到列表中，最后可以对列表中的数据进行统计和分析。
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修改和补充下列代码得到十折交叉验证的平均每一折auc值和平均每一折aoc曲线，平均每一折分类报告以及平均每一折混淆矩阵 min_max_scaler = MinMaxScaler() X_train1, X_test1 = x[train_id], x[test_id] y_train1, y_test1 = y[train_id], y[test_id] # apply the same scaler to both sets of data X_train1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X_train1) X_test1 = min_max_scaler.transform(X_test1) X_train1 = np.array(X_train1) X_test1 = np.array(X_test1) config = get_config() tree = gcForest(config) tree.fit(X_train1, y_train1) y_pred11 = tree.predict(X_test1) y_pred1.append(y_pred11 X_train.append(X_train1) X_test.append(X_test1) y_test.append(y_test1) y_train.append(y_train1) X_train_fuzzy1, X_test_fuzzy1 = X_fuzzy[train_id], X_fuzzy[test_id] y_train_fuzzy1, y_test_fuzzy1 = y_sampled[train_id], y_sampled[test_id] X_train_fuzzy1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X_train_fuzzy1) X_test_fuzzy1 = min_max_scaler.transform(X_test_fuzzy1) X_train_fuzzy1 = np.array(X_train_fuzzy1) X_test_fuzzy1 = np.array(X_test_fuzzy1) config = get_config() tree = gcForest(config) tree.fit(X_train_fuzzy1, y_train_fuzzy1) y_predd = tree.predict(X_test_fuzzy1) y_pred.append(y_predd) X_test_fuzzy.append(X_test_fuzzy1) y_test_fuzzy.append(y_test_fuzzy1)y_pred = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_pred), num_classes=3) y_pred1 = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_pred1), num_classes=3) y_test = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_test), num_classes=3) y_test_fuzzy = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_test_fuzzy), num_classes=3) print(y_pred.shape) print(y_pred1.shape) print(y_test.shape) print(y_test_fuzzy.shape) # 深度森林 report1 = classification_report(y_test, y_prprint("DF",report1) report = classification_report(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred) print("DF-F",report) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred1) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('深度森林RMSE:', rmse) print('深度森林Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred1)) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('F深度森林RMSE:', rmse) print('F深度森林Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred)) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred) rmse = math.sqrt(mse)

首先，需要将代码放入循环中进行十折交叉验证。每一折都需要记录相应的分类报告、混淆矩阵、auc值和aoc曲线。以下是修改后的代码： ``` from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, confusion_matrix, roc_auc_score, roc_curve, auc from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold from gcforest.gcforest import GCForest import numpy as np import math min_max_scaler = MinMaxScaler() config = get_config() tree = gcForest(config) X_train = [] X_test = [] y_train = [] y_test = [] X_test_fuzzy = [] y_test_fuzzy = [] y_pred = [] y_pred1 = [] auc_scores = [] aoc_fprs = [] aoc_tprs = [] skf = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=10) for train_id, test_id in skf.split(x, y): X_train1, X_test1 = x[train_id], x[test_id] y_train1, y_test1 = y[train_id], y[test_id] X_train1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X_train1) X_test1 = min_max_scaler.transform(X_test1) X_train1 = np.array(X_train1) X_test1 = np.array(X_test1) tree.fit(X_train1, y_train1) y_pred11 = tree.predict(X_test1) y_pred1.append(y_pred11) X_train.append(X_train1) X_test.append(X_test1) y_test.append(y_test1) y_train.append(y_train1) X_train_fuzzy1, X_test_fuzzy1 = X_fuzzy[train_id], X_fuzzy[test_id] y_train_fuzzy1, y_test_fuzzy1 = y_sampled[train_id], y_sampled[test_id] X_train_fuzzy1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X_train_fuzzy1) X_test_fuzzy1 = min_max_scaler.transform(X_test_fuzzy1) X_train_fuzzy1 = np.array(X_train_fuzzy1) X_test_fuzzy1 = np.array(X_test_fuzzy1) tree.fit(X_train_fuzzy1, y_train_fuzzy1) y_predd = tree.predict(X_test_fuzzy1) y_pred.append(y_predd) X_test_fuzzy.append(X_test_fuzzy1) y_test_fuzzy.append(y_test_fuzzy1) y_pred_proba = tree.predict_proba(X_test1) auc_score = roc_auc_score(y_test1, y_pred_proba, multi_class='ovr') auc_scores.append(auc_score) fpr, tpr, _ = roc_curve(y_test1, y_pred_proba[:, 1]) aoc_fprs.append(fpr) aoc_tprs.append(tpr) y_pred = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_pred), num_classes=3) y_pred1 = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_pred1), num_classes=3) y_test = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_test), num_classes=3) y_test_fuzzy = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_test_fuzzy), num_classes=3) print(y_pred.shape) print(y_pred1.shape) print(y_test.shape) print(y_test_fuzzy.shape) # 深度森林 report1 = classification_report(y_test, y_pred1) print("DF Classification Report (10-Fold CV): \n", report1) report = classification_report(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred) print("DF-F Classification Report (10-Fold CV): \n", report) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred1) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('DF RMSE (10-Fold CV):', rmse) print('DF Accuracy (10-Fold CV):', accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred1)) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('DF-F RMSE (10-Fold CV):', rmse) print('DF-F Accuracy (10-Fold CV):', accuracy_score(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred)) mean_auc = np.mean(auc_scores) print("Mean AUC (10-Fold CV): ", mean_auc) mean_fpr = np.mean(aoc_fprs, axis=0) mean_tpr = np.mean(aoc_tprs, axis=0) mean_auc = auc(mean_fpr, mean_tpr) print("Mean AOC (10-Fold CV): ", mean_auc) ``` 在修改后的代码中，`StratifiedKFold`函数被用来进行十折交叉验证。每一折的训练数据和测试数据都是通过`train_id`和`test_id`来确定的。在每一折的训练和测试之后，需要记录相应的分类报告、混淆矩阵、auc值和aoc曲线。最后，需要计算平均每一折的auc值和aoc曲线。

修改和补充下列代码得到十折交叉验证的平均auc值和平均aoc曲线，平均分类报告以及平均混淆矩阵 min_max_scaler = MinMaxScaler() X_train1, X_test1 = x[train_id], x[test_id] y_train1, y_test1 = y[train_id], y[test_id] # apply the same scaler to both sets of data X_train1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X_train1) X_test1 = min_max_scaler.transform(X_test1) X_train1 = np.array(X_train1) X_test1 = np.array(X_test1) config = get_config() tree = gcForest(config) tree.fit(X_train1, y_train1) y_pred11 = tree.predict(X_test1) y_pred1.append(y_pred11 X_train.append(X_train1) X_test.append(X_test1) y_test.append(y_test1) y_train.append(y_train1) X_train_fuzzy1, X_test_fuzzy1 = X_fuzzy[train_id], X_fuzzy[test_id] y_train_fuzzy1, y_test_fuzzy1 = y_sampled[train_id], y_sampled[test_id] X_train_fuzzy1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X_train_fuzzy1) X_test_fuzzy1 = min_max_scaler.transform(X_test_fuzzy1) X_train_fuzzy1 = np.array(X_train_fuzzy1) X_test_fuzzy1 = np.array(X_test_fuzzy1) config = get_config() tree = gcForest(config) tree.fit(X_train_fuzzy1, y_train_fuzzy1) y_predd = tree.predict(X_test_fuzzy1) y_pred.append(y_predd) X_test_fuzzy.append(X_test_fuzzy1) y_test_fuzzy.append(y_test_fuzzy1)y_pred = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_pred), num_classes=3) y_pred1 = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_pred1), num_classes=3) y_test = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_test), num_classes=3) y_test_fuzzy = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_test_fuzzy), num_classes=3) print(y_pred.shape) print(y_pred1.shape) print(y_test.shape) print(y_test_fuzzy.shape) # 深度森林 report1 = classification_report(y_test, y_prprint("DF",report1) report = classification_report(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred) print("DF-F",report) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred1) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('深度森林RMSE:', rmse) print('深度森林Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred1)) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('F深度森林RMSE:', rmse) print('F深度森林Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred)) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('F?深度森林RMSE:', rmse) print('F?深度森林Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred))

以下是修改和补充后的代码，实现了十折交叉验证的平均auc值和平均aoc曲线，平均分类报告以及平均混淆矩阵： ```python from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, confusion_matrix, roc_curve, auc from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold min_max_scaler = MinMaxScaler() X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = [], [], [], [] X_train_fuzzy, X_test_fuzzy, y_train_fuzzy, y_test_fuzzy = [], [], [], [] y_pred, y_pred1 = [], [] y_pred_proba, y_pred_proba1 = [], [] config = get_config() tree = gcForest(config) skf = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=10) for train_id, test_id in skf.split(x, y): # split data and normalize X_train1, X_test1 = x[train_id], x[test_id] y_train1, y_test1 = y[train_id], y[test_id] X_train1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X_train1) X_test1 = min_max_scaler.transform(X_test1) X_train1 = np.array(X_train1) X_test1 = np.array(X_test1) # train gcForest tree.fit(X_train1, y_train1) # predict on test set y_pred11 = tree.predict(X_test1) y_pred_proba11 = tree.predict_proba(X_test1) # append predictions and test data y_pred1.append(y_pred11) y_pred_proba1.append(y_pred_proba11) X_train.append(X_train1) X_test.append(X_test1) y_test.append(y_test1) y_train.append(y_train1) # split fuzzy data and normalize X_train_fuzzy1, X_test_fuzzy1 = X_fuzzy[train_id], X_fuzzy[test_id] y_train_fuzzy1, y_test_fuzzy1 = y_sampled[train_id], y_sampled[test_id] X_train_fuzzy1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(X_train_fuzzy1) X_test_fuzzy1 = min_max_scaler.transform(X_test_fuzzy1) X_train_fuzzy1 = np.array(X_train_fuzzy1) X_test_fuzzy1 = np.array(X_test_fuzzy1) # train gcForest on fuzzy data tree.fit(X_train_fuzzy1, y_train_fuzzy1) # predict on fuzzy test set y_predd = tree.predict(X_test_fuzzy1) y_predd_proba = tree.predict_proba(X_test_fuzzy1) # append predictions and test data y_pred.append(y_predd) y_pred_proba.append(y_predd_proba) X_test_fuzzy.append(X_test_fuzzy1) y_test_fuzzy.append(y_test_fuzzy1) # concatenate and convert to categorical y_pred = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_pred), num_classes=3) y_pred1 = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_pred1), num_classes=3) y_test = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_test), num_classes=3) y_test_fuzzy = to_categorical(np.concatenate(y_test_fuzzy), num_classes=3) # calculate and print average accuracy and RMSE mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred1) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('深度森林RMSE:', rmse) print('深度森林Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred1)) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('F深度森林RMSE:', rmse) print('F深度森林Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred)) mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred) rmse = math.sqrt(mse) print('F?深度森林RMSE:', rmse) print('F?深度森林Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)) # calculate and print average classification report report1 = classification_report(y_test, y_pred1) print("DF", report1) report = classification_report(y_test_fuzzy, y_pred) print("DF-F", report) # calculate and print average confusion matrix cm1 = confusion_matrix(y_test.argmax(axis=1), y_pred1.argmax(axis=1)) cm = confusion_matrix(y_test_fuzzy.argmax(axis=1), y_pred.argmax(axis=1)) print('DF Confusion Matrix:') print(cm1) print('DF-F Confusion Matrix:') print(cm) # calculate and print average ROC curve and AUC value fpr1, tpr1, threshold1 = roc_curve(y_test.ravel(), y_pred_proba1.ravel()) fpr, tpr, threshold = roc_curve(y_test_fuzzy.ravel(), y_pred_proba.ravel()) roc_auc1 = auc(fpr1, tpr1) roc_auc = auc(fpr, tpr) print('DF ROC AUC:', roc_auc1) print('DF-F ROC AUC:', roc_auc) # plot average ROC curve plt.title('Receiver Operating Characteristic') plt.plot(fpr1, tpr1, 'b', label = 'DF AUC = %0.2f' % roc_auc1) plt.plot(fpr, tpr, 'g', label = 'DF-F AUC = %0.2f' % roc_auc) plt.legend(loc = 'lower right') plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1],'r--') plt.xlim([0, 1]) plt.ylim([0, 1]) plt.ylabel('True Positive Rate') plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate') plt.show() ```

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将这段代码改为输出的AUC、f1_score、Accuracy是可重复的：# 定义模型参数 input_dim = X_train.shape[1] epochs = 100 batch_size = 32 learning_rate = 0.001 dropout_rate = 0.1 # 定义模型结构 def create_model(): model = Sequential() model.add(Dense(64, input_dim=input_dim, activation='relu')) model.add(Dropout(dropout_rate)) model.add(Dense(32, activation='relu')) model.add(Dropout(dropout_rate)) model.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')) optimizer = Adam(learning_rate=learning_rate) model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer=optimizer, metrics=['accuracy']) return model # 5折交叉验证 kf = KFold(n_splits=5, shuffle=True, random_state=42) cv_scores = [] for train_index, test_index in kf.split(X_train): # 划分训练集和验证集 X_train_fold, X_val_fold = X_train.iloc[train_index], X_train.iloc[test_index] y_train_fold, y_val_fold = y_train_forced_turnover_nolimited.iloc[train_index], y_train_forced_turnover_nolimited.iloc[test_index] # 创建模型 model = create_model() # 定义早停策略 #early_stopping = EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', patience=10, verbose=1) # 训练模型 model.fit(X_train_fold, y_train_fold, validation_data=(X_val_fold, y_val_fold), epochs=epochs, batch_size=batch_size,verbose=1) # 预测验证集 y_pred = model.predict(X_val_fold) # 计算AUC指标 auc = roc_auc_score(y_val_fold, y_pred) cv_scores.append(auc) # 输出交叉验证结果 print('CV AUC:', np.mean(cv_scores)) # 在全量数据上重新训练模型 model = create_model() model.fit(X_train, y_train_forced_turnover_nolimited, epochs=epochs, batch_size=batch_size, verbose=1) #测试集结果 test_pred = model.predict(X_test) test_auc = roc_auc_score(y_test_forced_turnover_nolimited, test_pred) test_f1_score = f1_score(y_test_forced_turnover_nolimited, np.round(test_pred)) test_accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test_forced_turnover_nolimited, np.round(test_pred)) print('Test AUC:', test_auc) print('Test F1 Score:', test_f1_score) print('Test Accuracy:', test_accuracy) #训练集结果 train_pred = model.predict(X_train) train_auc = roc_auc_score(y_train_forced_turnover_nolimited, train_pred) train_f1_score = f1_score(y_train_forced_turnover_nolimited, np.round(train_pred)) train_accuracy = accuracy_score(y_train_forced_turnover_nolimited, np.round(train_pred)) print('Train AUC:', train_auc) print('Train F1 Score:', train_f1_score) print('Train Accuracy:', train_accuracy)

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test_f1_score = f1_score(y_test_forced_turnover_nolimited, np.round(test_pred)) test_accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test_forced_turnover_nolimited, np.round(test_pred)) print('Test AUC:', test_auc) print...

y = np.concatenate([np.ones(len(X_processed)*len(X_processed[0])), np.zeros(len(X_masked)*len(X_masked[0]))]) print(y.shape) X_features = [] for x_list in X_processed: for x in x_list: x_feature = ft.hog(x, orientations=8, pixels_per_cell=(10, 10), cells_per_block=(1, 1), visualize=False) X_features.append(x_feature) for x_list in X_masked: for x in x_list: x_feature = ft.hog(x, orientations=8, pixels_per_cell=(10, 10), cells_per_block=(1, 1), visualize=False) X_features.append(x_feature) # write code to split the dataset into train-set and test-set X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = model_selection.train_test_split(X_features, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42, shuffle=True) # write code to train and test the SVM classifier as the facemask presence detector clf = svm.SVC() clf.fit(X_train, y_train) predicted = clf.predict(X_test) print(predicted) print(y_test) test_score = clf.score(X_test, y_test) print(test_score)，请逐行解释以上代码，并指出其问题

test_score = clf.score(X_test, y_test) print(test_score) 这段代码计算分类器在测试集上的准确率，并打印出来。 问题： - 代码中缺少了模块的导入语句，例如 import numpy as np、import skimage.feature...

详细解释一下这段代码，每一句都要进行注解：for _, (tr_idx, te_idx) in enumerate(tqdm(groups, total=5, desc="Folds")): tr_idx = pd.Series(tr_idx).sample(n=2000000,random_state=42).values multioutput_regressor = LGBMMultiOutputRegressor(lgb.LGBMRegressor(**best_params_)) x_train = train.loc[tr_idx, cols].to_numpy() y_train = train.loc[tr_idx, pcols].to_numpy() x_test = train.loc[te_idx, cols].to_numpy() y_test = train.loc[te_idx, pcols].to_numpy() multioutput_regressor.fit( x_train, y_train, eval_set=(x_test, y_test), eval_metric=custom_average_precision, early_stopping_rounds=15, verbose = 0, ) regs.append(multioutput_regressor) cv = metrics.average_precision_score(y_test, multioutput_regressor.predict(x_test).clip(0.0,1.0)) cvs.append(cv) print(cvs) print(np.mean(cvs))

cv = metrics.average_precision_score(y_test, multioutput_regressor.predict(x_test).clip(0.0,1.0)) cvs.append(cv) 使用average_precision_score()函数计算当前模型在测试数据上的平均精度得分，将得分加入...

model = clf.train(params, train_matrix, 50000, valid_sets=[train_matrix, valid_matrix], #categorical_feature = categorical_feature, verbose_eval=500,early_stopping_rounds=200) val_pred = model.predict(val_x, num_iteration=model.best_iteration) test_pred = model.predict(test_x, num_iteration=model.best_iteration) train[valid_index] = val_pred test += test_pred / kf.n_splits cv_scores.append(roc_auc_score(val_y, val_pred))这段代码什么意思

这段代码是一个使用 LightGBM 训练模型并进行预测的示例。具体解释如下： ...6. cv_scores.append(roc_auc_score(val_y, val_pred))：计算当前模型在验证集上的 AUC，并将其加入到一个列表 cv_scores 中。

请详细解释一下这段代码，每一句需要注解：for , (tr_idx, te_idx) in enumerate(tqdm(groups, total=5, desc="Folds")): tr_idx = pd.Series(tr_idx).sample(n=2000000,random_state=42).values multioutput_regressor = LGBMMultiOutputRegressor(lgb.LGBMRegressor(**best_params)) x_train = train.loc[tr_idx, cols].to_numpy() y_train = train.loc[tr_idx, pcols].to_numpy() x_test = train.loc[te_idx, cols].to_numpy() y_test = train.loc[te_idx, pcols].to_numpy() multioutput_regressor.fit( x_train, y_train, eval_set=(x_test, y_test), eval_metric=custom_average_precision, early_stopping_rounds=15, verbose = 0, ) regs.append(multioutput_regressor) cv = metrics.average_precision_score(y_test, multioutput_regressor.predict(x_test).clip(0.0,1.0)) cvs.append(cv) print(cvs) print(np.mean(cvs))

cv = metrics.average_precision_score(y_test, multioutput_regressor.predict(x_test).clip(0.0,1.0)) cvs.append(cv) 使用测试集数据计算平均精度，并将其添加到列表 cvs 中。clip 方法用于将预测结果...

我已经用数据训练好决策树和随机森林，现在我需要设置一组数据分别测试决策树和随机森林，预测这组数据描述的病人是否患有心脏病，请给我测试的代码。下面是我的训练过程import pandas as pd from sklearn import tree from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np heart=pd.read_csv("D:\Anaconda1\heart.csv") heart.head() heart.info() clf_tree = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier() from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split x = heart.drop('target',axis = 1) y = heart['target'] x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x,y,random_state=0) clf_tree.fit(x_train,y_train) print(clf_tree.score(x_train,y_train)) print(clf_tree.score(x_test,y_test)) tree.export_graphviz(clf, out_file='tree.dot') score_list=[] for i in range(10,100,10): clf_forest = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators = i, random_state = 0) clf_forest.fit(x_train,y_train) score_list.append(clf_forest.score(x_test,y_test)) plt.plot(range(10,100,10), score_list) plt.show() print(np.argmax(score_list)) print(np.max(score_list))

tree_score = clf_tree.score(X_test, y_test) print("决策树的准确率为：", tree_score) # 测试随机森林 forest_score = clf_forest.score(X_test, y_test) print("随机森林的准确率为：", forest_score) ...

k_score.append([k,knn.score(X_test,y_test)])，这行代码有什么可以替换的代码吗

如果您是在使用scikit-learn库进行KNN模型的开发，k_score.append([k,knn.score(X_test,y_test)])是将k值和KNN模型在测试集X_test和y_test上的准确率存入列表k_score中。您可以使用sklearn.model_selection中的cross...

from sklearn.decomposition import PCA from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data import datetime # 导入数据集 start = datetime.datetime.now() #计算程序运行时间 mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data/", one_hot=True) X_train = mnist.train.images y_train = mnist.train.labels X_test = mnist.test.images y_test = mnist.test.labels #PCA降维 pca = PCA(n_components=10) X_train_pca = pca.fit_transform(X_train) X_test_pca = pca.fit_transform(X_test) # 可视化 plt.scatter(X_train_pca[:, 0], X_train_pca[:, 1], c=np.argmax(y_train, axis=1)) plt.show() # K-means聚类 kmeans_centers = [] # 用于存储初始类中心 for i in range(10): idx = np.where(np.argmax(y_train, axis=1) == i)[0] # 获取第i类数字的索引列表 sample_idx = np.random.choice(idx) # 随机指定一个样本作为初始类中心 kmeans_centers.append(X_train_pca[sample_idx]) # 将初始类中心添加到列表中 kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=10,init=kmeans_centers,n_init=1) kmeans.fit(X_train_pca) # 计算分类错误率 y_pred = kmeans.predict(X_test_pca) acc = accuracy_score(np.argmax(y_test, axis=1), y_pred) print("分类错误率：{:.2%}".format(1-acc)) # 计算程序运行时间 end = datetime.datetime.now() print("程序运行时间为:"+str((end-start).seconds)+"秒")优化这段代码，输出其中pca降维的因子负荷量

acc = accuracy_score(np.argmax(y_test, axis=1), y_pred) print("分类错误率：{:.2%}".format(1-acc)) # 计算程序运行时间 end = datetime.datetime.now() print("程序运行时间为:"+str((end-start).seconds)+"秒...

# 封装函数来进行knn试探性运算 def knn_score(k,X,y): # 构造算法对象 knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors = k) scores = [] train_scores = [] for i in range(100): # 拆分 X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(X,y,test_size=0.2,random_state=1) # 训练 knn.fit(X_train,y_train) # 评价模型 scores.append(knn.score(X_test,y_test)) # 经验评分 train_scores.append(knn.score(X_train,y_train)) return np.array(scores).mean(),np.array(train_scores).mean() # 调参 result_dict = {} k_list = [1,3,5,7,9,11] for k in k_list: score,train_score = knn_score(k,X,y) result_dict[k] = [score,train_score]利用这段代码调用tkinter库实现界面

scores.append(knn.score(X_test,y_test)) # 经验评分 train_scores.append(knn.score(X_train,y_train)) return np.array(scores).mean(),np.array(train_scores).mean() # 创建窗口 root = tk.Tk() root....

for epoch in range(1, num_epochs + 1): train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch) test_loss, test_acc, pred, target = test(model, device, test_loader) Recall = recall_score(target, pred, average='macro') Precision = precision_score(target, pred, average='macro') F1_score = f1_score(target, pred, average='macro') kappa_score=cohen_kappa_score(target, pred) test_Loss_list.append(test_loss) test_Accuracy_list.append(test_acc) Recall_list.append(Recall) Precision_list.append(Precision) F1_score_list.append(F1_score) kappa_list.append(kappa_score) Loss.append(test_Loss_list) Accuracy.append(test_Accuracy_list) Recall_test.append(Recall_list) Precision_test.append(Precision_list) F1_score_test.append(F1_score_list) kappa_test.append(kappa_list)

这段代码是一个训练模型的循环，它的目的是在每个epoch中执行训练和测试...最后，这些列表会被保存到Loss、Accuracy、Recall_test、Precision_test、F1_score_test和kappa_test中。 请问还有其他问题吗？

请教学式按句详细讲解以下代码：###--------------------KNN算法与决策树算法-------------------- from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split # 将文本数据转化为数值特征 vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer() X = vectorizer.fit_transform(data_str_list) # 划分数据集为训练集和测试集 X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42) # 特征缩放 scaler = StandardScaler() X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train.toarray()) X_test = scaler.transform(X_test.toarray()) from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score # 使用网格搜索进行超参数调优 param_grid = { "n_neighbors": [3, 5, 7, 9], "weights": ["uniform", "distance"], "algorithm": ["auto", "ball_tree", "kd_tree", "brute"] } knn = KNeighborsClassifier() grid_search = GridSearchCV(knn, param_grid, cv=5) grid_search.fit(X_train, y_train) print("KNN最优参数：", grid_search.best_params_) param_grid = { "criterion": ["gini", "entropy"], "max_depth": [3, 5, 7, 9] } dt = DecisionTreeClassifier() grid_search = GridSearchCV(dt, param_grid, cv=5) grid_search.fit(X_train, y_train) print("决策树最优参数：", grid_search.best_params_) # 训练分类器并进行预测 knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=5, weights="uniform", algorithm="auto") knn.fit(X_train, y_train) knn_pred = knn.predict(X_test) dt = DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion="gini", max_depth=9) dt.fit(X_train, y_train) dt_pred = dt.predict(X_test) # 混合使用KNN和决策树进行文本分类 ensemble_pred = [] for i in range(len(knn_pred)): if knn_pred[i] == dt_pred[i]: ensemble_pred.append(knn_pred[i]) else: ensemble_pred.append(knn_pred[i]) # 输出分类结果和准确率 print("KNN准确率：", accuracy_score(y_test, knn_pred)) print("决策树准确率：", accuracy_score(y_test, dt_pred)) print("混合使用准确率：", accuracy_score(y_test, ensemble_pred))

这段代码的作用是使用KNN算法和决策树算法对文本进行分类，具体步骤如下： ...print("混合使用准确率：", accuracy_score(y_test, ensemble_pred)) 使用accuracy_score函数计算分类器的准确率，并输出分类结果。

score = [] train_score = [] a = np.linspace(0.5, 2, 100) for C in a: x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(result_x, y_0, test_size=0.3, random_state=0) # clf = SVC(C=C, kernel='rbf', gamma='auto', cache_size=5000).fit(x_train, y_train) score.append(clf.score(x_test, y_test)) train_score.append(clf.score(x_train, y_train)) print(a[score.index(max(score))])

在所有的C值上训练完成后，代码通过score.index(max(score))找到测试集上分类准确率最高的C值，然后将其输出。其中，max(score)表示测试集上最高的分类准确率，score.index(max(score))表示该分类准确率对应的C值在a...

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