实数矩阵类的加减乘除运算的实现C++

以下是一个简单的实数矩阵类的加减乘除运算的实现示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class Matrix {
public:
    Matrix(int rows, int cols) {
        this->rows = rows;
        this->cols = cols;
        data.resize(rows, vector<double>(cols));
    }
    
    Matrix operator+(const Matrix& other) const {
        if (rows != other.rows || cols != other.cols) {
            throw runtime_error("Matrix dimensions must match.");
        }
        
        Matrix result(rows, cols);
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                result.data[i][j] = data[i][j] + other.data[i][j];
            }
        }
        
        return result;
    }
    
    Matrix operator-(const Matrix& other) const {
        if (rows != other.rows || cols != other.cols) {
            throw runtime_error("Matrix dimensions must match.");
        }
        
        Matrix result(rows, cols);
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                result.data[i][j] = data[i][j] - other.data[i][j];
            }
        }
        
        return result;
    }
    
    Matrix operator*(const Matrix& other) const {
        if (cols != other.rows) {
            throw runtime_error("Matrix dimensions must match.");
        }
        
        Matrix result(rows, other.cols);
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < other.cols; j++) {
                double sum = 0;
                for (int k = 0; k < cols; k++) {
                    sum += data[i][k] * other.data[k][j];
                }
                result.data[i][j] = sum;
            }
        }
        
        return result;
    }
    
    Matrix operator/(double scalar) const {
        Matrix result(rows, cols);
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                result.data[i][j] = data[i][j] / scalar;
            }
        }
        
        return result;
    }
    
    double& operator()(int row, int col) {
        return data[row][col];
    }
    
    const double& operator()(int row, int col) const {
        return data[row][col];
    }
    
    void print() const {
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                cout << data[i][j] << " ";
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
    }
    
private:
    int rows, cols;
    vector<vector<double>> data;
};

这个类定义了一个矩阵对象，可以通过构造函数指定矩阵的行数和列数。它还重载了加、减、乘、除等运算符，以便可以像操作整数或浮点数一样操作矩阵。其中，加、减、乘运算都需要检查矩阵维度是否匹配，如果不匹配则抛出异常。此外，它还重载了括号运算符，以便可以像访问数组元素一样访问矩阵元素。最后，它还定义了一个打印矩阵的方法。

以下是一个示例程序，演示如何使用这个类进行矩阵运算：

int main() {
    Matrix A(2, 2);
    A(0, 0) = 1;
    A(0, 1) = 2;
    A(1, 0) = 3;
    A(1, 1) = 4;
    
    Matrix B(2, 2);
    B(0, 0) = 5;
    B(0, 1) = 6;
    B(1, 0) = 7;
    B(1, 1) = 8;
    
    Matrix C = A + B;
    cout << "A + B = " << endl;
    C.print();
    
    Matrix D = A - B;
    cout << "A - B = " << endl;
    D.print();
    
    Matrix E = A * B;
    cout << "A * B = " << endl;
    E.print();
    
    Matrix F = A / 2;
    cout << "A / 2 = " << endl;
    F.print();
    
    return 0;
}

输出结果如下：

A + B = 
6 8 
10 12 
A - B = 
-4 -4 
-4 -4 
A * B = 
19 22 
43 50 
A / 2 = 
0.5 1 
1.5 2 

以上就是一个简单的实数矩阵类的加减乘除运算的实现示例。当然，这只是一个基础的实现，实际应用中可能需要考虑更多的情况，如矩阵的转置、求逆、行列式等操作，以及优化矩阵乘法的运算效率等。