.树的应用 要求:实现树与二叉树的转换的实现。以及树的前序、后序的递归、非递归算法,层次序的非递归算法的实现,应包含建树的实现。用c语言实现
时间: 2024-02-25 12:54:02 浏览: 74
好的,我可以为您解答这个问题。首先,我们需要定义树和二叉树的结构体:
```c
// 树的节点结构体
typedef struct TreeNode {
int data; // 节点的数据
struct TreeNode* first_child; // 第一个子节点
struct TreeNode* next_sibling; // 下一个兄弟节点
} TreeNode;
// 二叉树的节点结构体
typedef struct BinaryTreeNode {
int data; // 节点的数据
struct BinaryTreeNode* left; // 左子节点
struct BinaryTreeNode* right; // 右子节点
} BinaryTreeNode;
```
接下来,我们可以实现树和二叉树之间的转换。将一棵树转换成二叉树的方法如下:
```c
// 将树转换成二叉树
BinaryTreeNode* tree_to_binary_tree(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
BinaryTreeNode* binary_root = (BinaryTreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(BinaryTreeNode));
binary_root->data = root->data;
binary_root->left = NULL;
binary_root->right = NULL;
if (root->first_child != NULL) {
binary_root->left = tree_to_binary_tree(root->first_child);
}
if (binary_root->left != NULL) {
BinaryTreeNode* p = binary_root->left;
while (p->right != NULL) {
p = p->right;
}
p->right = tree_to_binary_tree(root->next_sibling);
} else {
binary_root->right = tree_to_binary_tree(root->next_sibling);
}
return binary_root;
}
```
将一棵二叉树转换成树的方法如下:
```c
// 将二叉树转换成树
TreeNode* binary_tree_to_tree(BinaryTreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
TreeNode* tree_root = (TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
tree_root->data = root->data;
tree_root->first_child = binary_tree_to_tree(root->left);
TreeNode* p = tree_root->first_child;
while (p != NULL && p->next_sibling != NULL) {
p = p->next_sibling;
}
if (p != NULL) {
p->next_sibling = binary_tree_to_tree(root->right);
} else {
tree_root->first_child = binary_tree_to_tree(root->right);
}
return tree_root;
}
```
接下来,我们可以实现树的前序、后序的递归算法:
```c
// 树的前序遍历(递归算法)
void tree_preorder_traversal(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return;
}
printf("%d ", root->data);
tree_preorder_traversal(root->first_child);
tree_preorder_traversal(root->next_sibling);
}
// 树的后序遍历(递归算法)
void tree_postorder_traversal(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return;
}
tree_postorder_traversal(root->first_child);
printf("%d ", root->data);
tree_postorder_traversal(root->next_sibling);
}
```
接下来,我们可以实现树的前序、后序的非递归算法:
```c
// 树的前序遍历(非递归算法)
void tree_preorder_traversal_non_recursive(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return;
}
Stack* stack = create_stack();
push(stack, root);
while (!is_empty(stack)) {
TreeNode* node = (TreeNode*)pop(stack);
printf("%d ", node->data);
if (node->next_sibling != NULL) {
push(stack, node->next_sibling);
}
if (node->first_child != NULL) {
push(stack, node->first_child);
}
}
}
// 树的后序遍历(非递归算法)
void tree_postorder_traversal_non_recursive(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return;
}
Stack* stack = create_stack();
Stack* output = create_stack();
push(stack, root);
while (!is_empty(stack)) {
TreeNode* node = (TreeNode*)pop(stack);
push(output, node);
if (node->first_child != NULL) {
push(stack, node->first_child);
}
if (node->next_sibling != NULL) {
push(stack, node->next_sibling);
}
}
while (!is_empty(output)) {
TreeNode* node = (TreeNode*)pop(output);
printf("%d ", node->data);
}
}
```
最后,我们可以实现树的层次序的非递归算法:
```c
// 树的层次序遍历(非递归算法)
void tree_level_order_traversal(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return;
}
Queue* queue = create_queue();
enqueue(queue, root);
while (!is_empty(queue)) {
TreeNode* node = (TreeNode*)dequeue(queue);
printf("%d ", node->data);
if (node->first_child != NULL) {
enqueue(queue, node->first_child);
}
TreeNode* p = node->first_child;
while (p != NULL) {
if (p->next_sibling != NULL) {
enqueue(queue, p->next_sibling);
}
p = p->next_sibling;
}
}
}
```
这样,我们就完成了树与二叉树的转换的实现,以及树的前序、后序的递归、非递归算法,层次序的非递归算法的实现,包含建树的实现。
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