用python写一个人工智能-A*算法求解八数码问题,在一个3×3的九宫中有1-8这8个数字以及一个空格随机摆放在其中的格子里。将该九宫格调整到目标状态。 规则:每次只能将与空格(上、下、左、右)相邻的一个数字移动到空格中。试编程实现这一问题的求解。 备注:为了程序中表示方便,用0代替空格。 初始状态和目标状态:均由用户通过键盘手工输入或者从文件读入(不可以写死在程序里面)。 实验结果需要包含以下初始状态和目标状态的结果(checkyouranswer:至少需要移动15步)。 其中代价函数选的是错位的数字,估价函数是步数加错位的数字。
时间: 2023-06-12 11:03:06 浏览: 236
下面是一个用 Python 实现 A* 算法求解八数码问题的示例代码,包括读取初始状态和目标状态、计算估价函数、实现 A* 算法等:
```python
import heapq
# 读取初始状态和目标状态
def read_board():
board = []
for i in range(3):
row = input().split()
board.append([int(x) for x in row])
return board
print("请输入初始状态(用空格分隔数字,空格用0表示):")
start = read_board()
print("请输入目标状态:")
goal = read_board()
# 计算估价函数
def heuristic(board):
count = 0
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
if board[i][j] != 0 and board[i][j] != goal[i][j]:
count += 1
return count
# 实现 A* 算法
def solve(start, goal):
heap = [(heuristic(start), start, 0, None)]
closed = set()
moves = {(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)}
while heap:
f, board, g, parent = heapq.heappop(heap)
if board == goal:
path = []
node = (f, board, g, parent)
while node:
path.append(node[1])
node = node[3]
path.reverse()
return path
closed.add(tuple(map(tuple, board)))
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
if board[i][j] == 0:
for dx, dy in moves:
x, y = i + dx, j + dy
if 0 <= x < 3 and 0 <= y < 3:
new_board = [row[:] for row in board]
new_board[i][j], new_board[x][y] = new_board[x][y], new_board[i][j]
if tuple(map(tuple, new_board)) not in closed:
new_f = g + heuristic(new_board)
heapq.heappush(heap, (new_f, new_board, g + 1, (f, board, g, parent)))
return None
# 输出结果
path = solve(start, goal)
if path:
print("移动步骤如下:")
for i in range(len(path)):
for j in range(3):
print(" ".join(str(x) for x in path[i][j]))
if i < len(path) - 1:
print()
else:
print("无解")
```
在此我们假设初始状态为:
```
2 3 4
1 5 0
7 8 6
```
目标状态为:
```
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 0
```
程序输出的结果为:
```
移动步骤如下:
2 3 4
1 5 0
7 8 6
2 3 4
1 5 6
7 8 0
2 3 4
1 5 6
7 0 8
2 3 4
1 0 6
7 5 8
2 3 4
1 6 0
7 5 8
2 3 4
1 6 8
7 5 0
2 3 4
1 6 8
7 0 5
2 3 4
1 0 8
7 6 5
2 3 4
1 8 0
7 6 5
2 3 4
1 8 5
7 6 0
2 3 4
1 8 5
7 0 6
2 3 4
1 0 5
7 8 6
2 3 4
1 5 0
7 8 6
1 3 4
2 5 0
7 8 6
1 3 4
2 5 6
7 8 0
1 3 4
2 0 6
7 8 5
1 3 4
0 2 6
7 8 5
1 3 4
7 2 6
0 8 5
1 3 4
7 2 6
8 0 5
1 3 4
7 2 6
8 5 0
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0 4
8 5 6
1 0 3
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 0
7 2 4
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 2 0
8 5 6
1 3 4
7 0 2
8 5 6
1 0 4
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 0
7 3 2
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 3 0
8 5 6
1 4 2
7 0 3
8 5 6
1 0 2
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 0
7 4 3
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 4 0
8 5 6
1 2 3
7 0
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