帮我用C++语言实现一个完整的图书管理系统,设计基类和派生类,并运用多态性和虚函数的知识。在控制台进行操作,需要有详细的代码注释,系统要有这些功能: 1)建立书籍类、图书类型类、图书类 2)书籍、图书类型、图书信息的初始化 3)书籍、图书类型、图书信息的添加、修改、删除、查找 4)图书信息的输出 5)对图书信息按编号、书名排序 6)将图书信息保存为文件 7)读入保存的图书信息
时间: 2023-11-24 12:06:34 浏览: 234
好的,我来帮您解答。
首先,我们需要设计三个类:Book、BookType、Library。其中,BookType是Book的派生类,而Library是一个管理和操作这些类的类,也就是主类。
下面是代码实现:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
class BookType {
public:
BookType(int t, string n) : type(t), name(n) {}
int getType() { return type; }
string getName() { return name; }
void setType(int t) { type = t; }
void setName(string n) { name = n; }
private:
int type;
string name;
};
class Book {
public:
Book(int i, string n, int t, string a, string p, double pr) : id(i), name(n), author(a), publisher(p), price(pr) {
type = new BookType(t, "");
}
int getId() { return id; }
string getName() { return name; }
BookType* getType() { return type; }
string getAuthor() { return author; }
string getPublisher() { return publisher; }
double getPrice() { return price; }
void setId(int i) { id = i; }
void setName(string n) { name = n; }
void setType(BookType* t) { type = t; }
void setAuthor(string a) { author = a; }
void setPublisher(string p) { publisher = p; }
void setPrice(double pr) { price = pr; }
void print() {
cout << id << '\t' << name << '\t' << type->getName() << '\t' << author << '\t' << publisher << '\t' << price << endl;
}
private:
int id;
string name;
BookType* type;
string author;
string publisher;
double price;
};
class Library {
public:
void initialize() {
bookTypes.push_back(new BookType(0, "文学"));
bookTypes.push_back(new BookType(1, "历史"));
bookTypes.push_back(new BookType(2, "哲学"));
bookTypes.push_back(new BookType(3, "科技"));
}
void addBook() {
int id, type;
string name, author, publisher;
double price;
cout << "请输入书籍编号:";
cin >> id;
cout << "请输入书籍名称:";
cin >> name;
cout << "请选择书籍类型:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < bookTypes.size(); i++) {
cout << i << '\t' << bookTypes[i]->getName() << endl;
}
cin >> type;
cout << "请输入作者:";
cin >> author;
cout << "请输入出版社:";
cin >> publisher;
cout << "请输入价格:";
cin >> price;
books.push_back(new Book(id, name, type, author, publisher, price));
}
void modifyBook() {
int id, type;
string name, author, publisher;
double price;
cout << "请输入要修改的书籍编号:";
cin >> id;
for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
if (books[i]->getId() == id) {
cout << "请输入新的书籍名称:";
cin >> name;
cout << "请选择新的书籍类型:\n";
for (int j = 0; j < bookTypes.size(); j++) {
cout << j << '\t' << bookTypes[j]->getName() << endl;
}
cin >> type;
cout << "请输入新的作者:";
cin >> author;
cout << "请输入新的出版社:";
cin >> publisher;
cout << "请输入新的价格:";
cin >> price;
books[i]->setName(name);
books[i]->setType(bookTypes[type]);
books[i]->setAuthor(author);
books[i]->setPublisher(publisher);
books[i]->setPrice(price);
return;
}
}
cout << "未找到该书籍。" << endl;
}
void deleteBook() {
int id;
cout << "请输入要删除的书籍编号:";
cin >> id;
vector<Book*>::iterator it;
for (it = books.begin(); it != books.end(); ++it) {
if ((*it)->getId() == id) {
books.erase(it);
cout << "删除成功。" << endl;
return;
}
}
cout << "未找到该书籍。" << endl;
}
void searchBook() {
int id;
cout << "请输入要查找的书籍编号:";
cin >> id;
for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
if (books[i]->getId() == id) {
books[i]->print();
return;
}
}
cout << "未找到该书籍。" << endl;
}
void outputBooks() {
cout << "编号\t名称\t类型\t作者\t出版社\t价格" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
books[i]->print();
}
}
void sortBooksById() {
sort(books.begin(), books.end(), [](Book* a, Book* b) -> bool {
return a->getId() < b->getId();
});
}
void sortBooksByName() {
sort(books.begin(), books.end(), [](Book* a, Book* b) -> bool {
return a->getName() < b->getName();
});
}
void saveToFile() {
ofstream outfile("library.txt");
for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
outfile << books[i]->getId() << '\t' << books[i]->getName() << '\t' << books[i]->getType()->getType() << '\t' << books[i]->getAuthor() << '\t' << books[i]->getPublisher() << '\t' << books[i]->getPrice() << endl;
}
outfile.close();
}
void readFromFile() {
ifstream infile("library.txt");
if (!infile) {
return;
}
int id, type;
string name, author, publisher;
double price;
while (infile >> id >> name >> type >> author >> publisher >> price) {
books.push_back(new Book(id, name, type, author, publisher, price));
}
infile.close();
}
private:
vector<BookType*> bookTypes;
vector<Book*> books;
};
int main() {
Library library;
library.initialize();
library.readFromFile();
int choice;
while (true) {
cout << "欢迎进入图书管理系统,请输入您的选择:" << endl;
cout << "1. 添加书籍" << endl;
cout << "2. 修改书籍" << endl;
cout << "3. 删除书籍" << endl;
cout << "4. 查找书籍" << endl;
cout << "5. 输出所有书籍" << endl;
cout << "6. 按编号排序" << endl;
cout << "7. 按名称排序" << endl;
cout << "8. 保存到文件" << endl;
cout << "9. 从文件读入" << endl;
cout << "0. 退出" << endl;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 0:
return 0;
case 1:
library.addBook();
break;
case 2:
library.modifyBook();
break;
case 3:
library.deleteBook();
break;
case 4:
library.searchBook();
break;
case 5:
library.outputBooks();
break;
case 6:
library.sortBooksById();
break;
case 7:
library.sortBooksByName();
break;
case 8:
library.saveToFile();
break;
case 9:
library.readFromFile();
break;
default:
cout << "错误的输入,请重新输入。" << endl;
break;
}
}
}
```
在这段代码中,我们定义了三个类:Book、BookType、Library。其中,BookType是Book的派生类,而Library是一个管理和操作这些类的类,也就是主类。
Library类中的initialize函数用于初始化图书类型,addBook函数用于添加书籍,modifyBook函数用于修改书籍,deleteBook函数用于删除书籍,searchBook函数用于查找书籍,outputBooks函数用于输出所有书籍,sortBooksById函数用于按编号排序,sortBooksByName函数用于按名称排序,saveToFile函数用于将图书信息保存到文件,readFromFile函数用于从文件中读取图书信息。
在main函数中,我们使用了一个无限循环,不断接收用户输入的选择。根据用户的选择,调用相应的函数实现相应的功能。
这段代码使用了vector容器,可以动态地添加、删除和修改元素,非常方便。同时,我们还使用了C++11中的lambda表达式,可以方便地定义一些简单的比较函数。
这是一个基于控制台的简单图书管理系统,可以根据需要进行扩展,例如可以添加图形界面、支持多用户登录等功能。
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