以keil代码实现使用I2C通编写信将TMP102温度传感器与NUCLEO L432KC嵌入式板接口，读取和平均温度值、启用关机和睡眠模式、测量电流和实现外部中断

以下是使用Keil MDK-ARM编写的代码示例，实现了通过I2C通信读取TMP102温度传感器的温度值，并实现了启用关机和睡眠模式、测量电流和实现外部中断的功能：

#include "stm32l4xx.h"
#include "stdio.h"

#define I2C_ADDRESS     0x48
#define I2C_TIMEOUT     10000

I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;

float temp_sum = 0.0;
int n = 0;

void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void);
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void);

void TMP102_Init(void)
{
    uint8_t config[2] = {0x01, 0x60};
    HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, I2C_ADDRESS << 1, config, 2, I2C_TIMEOUT);
}

void TMP102_Shutdown(void)
{
    uint8_t config[2] = {0x01, 0x01};
    HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, I2C_ADDRESS << 1, config, 2, I2C_TIMEOUT);
}

void TMP102_Sleep(void)
{
    uint8_t config[2] = {0x01, 0x20};
    HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, I2C_ADDRESS << 1, config, 2, I2C_TIMEOUT);
}

void TMP102_Wakeup(void)
{
    uint8_t config[2] = {0x01, 0x00};
    HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, I2C_ADDRESS << 1, config, 2, I2C_TIMEOUT);
}

void TMP102_ReadTemperature(void)
{
    uint8_t data[2];
    HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&hi2c1, I2C_ADDRESS << 1, data, 2, I2C_TIMEOUT);
    int16_t raw = (data[0] << 8) | data[1];
    float temp = raw * 0.0625;
    temp_sum += temp;
    n++;
}

void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
    if (GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_2)
    {
        TMP102_ReadTemperature();
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    HAL_Init();
    SystemClock_Config();
    MX_GPIO_Init();
    MX_I2C1_Init();
    MX_USART2_UART_Init();

    TMP102_Init();

    while (1)
    {
        // measure current and send to UART
        uint16_t adc_value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
        float voltage = adc_value * 3.3 / 4096;
        float current = (voltage - 1.65) / 0.66;
        char buffer[32];
        snprintf(buffer, 32, "Current: %.2f mA\r\n", current);
        HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)buffer, strlen(buffer), HAL_MAX_DELAY);

        // read temperature and calculate average
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            TMP102_ReadTemperature();
            HAL_Delay(100);
        }
        float avg_temp = temp_sum / n;
        char buffer2[32];
        snprintf(buffer2, 32, "Average Temperature: %.2f C\r\n", avg_temp);
        HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)buffer2, strlen(buffer2), HAL_MAX_DELAY);

        HAL_Delay(1000);
    }
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
    RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
    RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

    /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
    */
    __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
    /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
    * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
    */
    RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
    if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
    */
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                            |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

    if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
}

static void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{
    hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
    hi2c1.Init.Timing = 0x20303E5D;
    hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
    hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
    hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
    hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
    hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2Masks = I2C_OA2_NOMASK;
    hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
    hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
    if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
}

static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{
    huart2.Instance = USART2;
    huart2.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
    huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
    huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
    huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
    huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
    huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
    huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
    if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
}

static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();

    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

    // Configure GPIO pins : PA1 PA2 PA3
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    // Configure GPIO pin : PB2
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_2;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    // Configure GPIO pin : PC13
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    // Configure GPIO pins : PD12 PD13 PD14 PD15
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_12|GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_14|GPIO_PIN_15;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOD, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    // Enable EXTI2 interrupt
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(EXTI2_IRQn, 0, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI2_IRQn);
}

void Error_Handler(void)
{
    while (1)
    {
    }
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{ 
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

在代码中，我们首先通过 `MX_GPIO_Init()` 函数初始化了外部中断 GPIO 引脚 PB2，并启用了中断。在中断处理函数 `HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback()` 中，我们调用了 `TMP102_ReadTemperature()` 函数读取温度值。

在主函数中，我们先使用 `HAL_ADC_GetValue()` 函数读取了ADC的值，并计算出电流值。然后使用 `TMP102_ReadTemperature()` 函数读取TMP102的温度值，并将多次读取得到的温度值累加起来，最后计算出平均温度值。

我们还实现了启用关机和睡眠模式的功能，分别通过 `TMP102_Shutdown()` 和 `TMP102_Sleep()` 函数实现。在需要唤醒时，我们调用 `TMP102_Wakeup()` 函数即可。

最后，我们将测量得到的电流值和平均温度值通过UART发送到PC上，以便进行实时监测和记录。