CrawlSpider爬虫 中间件 处理 页面反扒识别验证码 代码
时间: 2023-07-16 14:17:07 浏览: 232
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在CrawlSpider中,中间件可以用来处理一些处理爬虫过程中的异常情况,例如页面反扒识别、验证码等。下面是一个处理验证码的中间件示例代码:
```python
import logging
import requests
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.exceptions import IgnoreRequest
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class CaptchaMiddleware:
def __init__(self, crawler):
self.crawler = crawler
self.max_retry_times = crawler.settings.getint('CAPTCHA_MAX_RETRY_TIMES', 3)
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
middleware = cls(crawler)
crawler.signals.connect(middleware.spider_closed, signal=signals.spider_closed)
return middleware
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
if response.status == 429: # Too Many Requests
retry_times = request.meta.get('retry_times', 0) + 1
if retry_times > self.max_retry_times:
raise IgnoreRequest(f"{request.url} reached max retry times {self.max_retry_times}")
logger.warning(f"{request.url} got Too Many Requests, retrying ({retry_times}/{self.max_retry_times})")
self._wait_for_retry()
return self._retry(request)
if self._detect_captcha(response):
logger.warning(f"{request.url} requires captcha, solving...")
captcha = self._solve_captcha(response)
if captcha:
logger.warning(f"{request.url} captcha solved, retrying...")
return self._retry(request, captcha=captcha)
logger.warning(f"{request.url} captcha not solved, giving up")
raise IgnoreRequest(f"{request.url} requires captcha")
return response
def _wait_for_retry(self):
retry_delay = self.crawler.settings.getint('CAPTCHA_RETRY_DELAY', 60)
time.sleep(retry_delay)
def _retry(self, request, **kwargs):
retry_request = request.copy()
retry_request.dont_filter = True
retry_request.meta['retry_times'] = request.meta.get('retry_times', 0) + 1
if 'captcha' in kwargs:
retry_request.headers['Cookie'] += f"; captcha={kwargs['captcha']}"
return retry_request
def _detect_captcha(self, response):
# TODO: implement your own captcha detection logic
return False
def _solve_captcha(self, response):
# TODO: implement your own captcha solving logic
return None
def spider_closed(self, spider):
pass
```
在上面的代码中,我们实现了一个名为CaptchaMiddleware的中间件,用于处理页面反扒识别验证码。每当爬虫请求一个页面时,中间件的process_response方法会被调用。首先,我们检查响应状态码是否为429(即“Too Many Requests”),如果是,则重试请求。如果响应中包含验证码,我们就调用_solve_captcha方法来解决验证码。如果解决成功,我们使用_retry方法重试请求,并将验证码作为请求头的cookie发送。如果验证码解决失败,则使用IgnoreRequest抛出异常,爬虫将跳过当前请求并继续处理下一个请求。
在中间件中,我们使用了一些爬虫配置项来控制验证码处理的行为,例如设置最大重试次数、重试间隔时间等。这些配置项可以在settings.py文件中进行定义。
注意:上面是一个示例代码,具体的验证码检测和解决逻辑需要根据不同的网站进行定制化实现。
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