plt.plot(test_data.index, test_data.values, label='Actual') plt.plot(test_data.index, forecast_mean, label='Forecast') forecast_upper = forecast_upper.to_numpy().ravel() forecast_lower = forecast_lower.to_numpy().ravel() plt.fill_between(test_data.index, forecast_upper, forecast_lower, color='gray', alpha=0.2) plt.legend() plt.show() # 数据检验 resid = arima_model.resid / garch_model.conditional_volatility lb_test = sm.stats.acorr_ljungbox(resid, lags=[10]) print(lb_test)

这段代码是用来展示时间序列预测结果并进行数据检验的。首先，使用 `plt.plot()` 函数绘制了实际数据和预测数据的曲线，并使用 `plt.fill_between()` 函数填充了预测数据的置信区间。然后，使用 `sm.stats.acorr_ljungbox()` 函数对模型的残差进行 Ljung-Box 检验，以评估模型的拟合效果。其中，`resid` 是 ARIMA-GARCH 模型的残差序列，`lb_test` 返回了经过 Ljung-Box 检验后的统计量和 p 值。

相关问题

import pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import statsmodels.api as sm from arch import arch_model # 读取数据 data = pd.read_csv('三个-负标准化-二分.csv', index_col=0, parse_dates=True) data = data[['F4']] data = data.dropna() # 拆分训练集和测试集 train_data = data[:'2022-06-15'] test_data = data['2022-06-16':] # ARIMA模型 arima_model = sm.tsa.ARIMA(train_data, order=(10, 1, 0)).fit() # GARCH模型 garch_model = arch_model(arima_model.resid, vol='GARCH', p=1, q=1).fit() # 预测 forecast_mean = arima_model.forecast(steps=len(test_data))[0] forecast_vol = garch_model.forecast(horizon=len(test_data)) # 计算置信区间 forecast_upper = forecast_mean + 1.96 * forecast_vol.mean forecast_lower = forecast_mean - 1.96 * forecast_vol.mean # 绘制预测结果 plt.plot(test_data.index, test_data.values, label='Actual') plt.plot(test_data.index, forecast_mean, label='Forecast') plt.fill_between(test_data.index, forecast_upper, forecast_lower, color='gray', alpha=0.2) plt.legend() plt.show() # 数据检验 resid = arima_model.resid / garch_model.conditional_volatility sm.stats.acorr_ljungbox(resid, lags=[10])这段代码的问题

这段代码的主要问题是在导入模块时没有使用正确的语法，应该在每行语句之间添加换行符。另外，最后一行代码没有输出检验结果。正确的代码应该是这样的：

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import statsmodels.api as sm
from arch import arch_model

# 读取数据
data = pd.read_csv('三个-负标准化-二分.csv', index_col=0, parse_dates=True)
data = data[['F4']]
data = data.dropna()

# 拆分训练集和测试集
train_data = data[:'2022-06-15']
test_data = data['2022-06-16':]

# ARIMA模型
arima_model = sm.tsa.ARIMA(train_data, order=(10, 1, 0)).fit()

# GARCH模型
garch_model = arch_model(arima_model.resid, vol='GARCH', p=1, q=1).fit()

# 预测
forecast_mean = arima_model.forecast(steps=len(test_data))[0]
forecast_vol = garch_model.forecast(horizon=len(test_data))

# 计算置信区间
forecast_upper = forecast_mean + 1.96 * forecast_vol.mean
forecast_lower = forecast_mean - 1.96 * forecast_vol.mean

# 绘制预测结果
plt.plot(test_data.index, test_data.values, label='Actual')
plt.plot(test_data.index, forecast_mean, label='Forecast')
plt.fill_between(test_data.index, forecast_upper, forecast_lower, color='gray', alpha=0.2)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

# 数据检验
resid = arima_model.resid / garch_model.conditional_volatility
lb_test = sm.stats.acorr_ljungbox(resid, lags=[10])
print(lb_test)

这样修改后，代码就可以正常执行了。

import pandas as pd import numpy as np from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense, LSTM import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 读取CSV文件 data = pd.read_csv('77.csv', header=None) # 将数据集划分为训练集和测试集 train_size = int(len(data) * 0.7) train_data = data.iloc[:train_size, 1:2].values.reshape(-1,1) test_data = data.iloc[train_size:, 1:2].values.reshape(-1,1) # 对数据进行归一化处理 scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1)) train_data = scaler.fit_transform(train_data) test_data = scaler.transform(test_data) # 构建训练集和测试集 def create_dataset(dataset, look_back=1): X, Y = [], [] for i in range(len(dataset) - look_back): X.append(dataset[i:(i+look_back), 0]) Y.append(dataset[i+look_back, 0]) return np.array(X), np.array(Y) look_back = 3 X_train, Y_train = create_dataset(train_data, look_back) X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test_data, look_back) # 转换为LSTM所需的输入格式 X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1)) X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1)) # 构建LSTM模型 model = Sequential() model.add(LSTM(units=50, return_sequences=True, input_shape=(look_back, 1))) model.add(LSTM(units=50)) model.add(Dense(units=1)) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mean_squared_error') model.fit(X_train, Y_train, epochs=100, batch_size=32) # 预测测试集并进行反归一化处理 Y_pred = model.predict(X_test) Y_pred = scaler.inverse_transform(Y_pred) Y_test = scaler.inverse_transform(Y_test) # 输出RMSE指标 rmse = np.sqrt(np.mean((Y_pred - Y_test)**2)) print('RMSE:', rmse) # 绘制训练集真实值和预测值图表 train_predict = model.predict(X_train) train_predict = scaler.inverse_transform(train_predict) train_actual = scaler.inverse_transform(Y_train.reshape(-1, 1)) plt.plot(train_actual, label='Actual') plt.plot(train_predict, label='Predicted') plt.title('Training Set') plt.xlabel('Time (h)') plt.ylabel('kWh') plt.legend() plt.show() # 绘制测试集真实值和预测值图表 plt.plot(Y_test, label='Actual') plt.plot(Y_pred, label='Predicted') plt.title('Testing Set') plt.xlabel('Time (h)') plt.ylabel('kWh') plt.legend() plt.show()以上代码运行时报错，错误为ValueError: Expected 2D array, got 1D array instead: array=[-0.04967795 0.09031832 0.07590125]. Reshape your data either using array.reshape(-1, 1) if your data has a single feature or array.reshape(1, -1) if it contains a single sample.如何进行修改

可以将以下代码：

X_train, Y_train = create_dataset(train_data, look_back)
X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test_data, look_back)

X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1))
X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1))

修改为：

X_train, Y_train = create_dataset(train_data, look_back)
X_test, Y_test = create_dataset(test_data, look_back)

X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1))
X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0], X_test.shape[1], 1))

Y_train = np.reshape(Y_train, (Y_train.shape[0], 1))
Y_test = np.reshape(Y_test, (Y_test.shape[0], 1))

这样就可以解决报错问题。