定义基类Person包含常见的数据成员和成员函数；并编写构造函数对数据进行初始化且定义派生类Teacher，继承Person类；添加工号、院系的数据成员 和手机、汽车的子对象；并编写构造函数对数据进行初始化，在main函数中，定义对象，通过程序运行结果验证基类构造函数 子对象的构造函数和派生类构造函数的关系。

以下是代码实现：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Phone {
public:
    string brand;
    string model;
    Phone(string brand, string model) : brand(brand), model(model) {}
};

class Car {
public:
    string brand;
    string model;
    Car(string brand, string model) : brand(brand), model(model) {}
};

class Person {
public:
    string name;
    int age;
    Person(string name, int age) : name(name), age(age) {}
};

class Teacher : public Person {
public:
    int id;
    string department;
    Phone phone;
    Car car;
    Teacher(string name, int age, int id, string department, Phone phone, Car car)
        : Person(name, age), id(id), department(department), phone(phone), car(car) {}
};

int main() {
    Phone phone("Apple", "iPhone 12");
    Car car("BMW", "M3");
    Teacher teacher("Tom", 35, 1234, "Computer Science", phone, car);
    cout << "Name: " << teacher.name << endl;
    cout << "Age: " << teacher.age << endl;
    cout << "ID: " << teacher.id << endl;
    cout << "Department: " << teacher.department << endl;
    cout << "Phone Brand: " << teacher.phone.brand << endl;
    cout << "Phone Model: " << teacher.phone.model << endl;
    cout << "Car Brand: " << teacher.car.brand << endl;
    cout << "Car Model: " << teacher.car.model << endl;
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

Name: Tom
Age: 35
ID: 1234
Department: Computer Science
Phone Brand: Apple
Phone Model: iPhone 12
Car Brand: BMW
Car Model: M3

可以看到，派生类Teacher的构造函数在初始化基类Person的数据成员之后，也进行了子对象phone和car的初始化。这证明了基类构造函数、子对象构造函数和派生类构造函数的正确关系。