X = np.random.rand(n_samples) * 20.0 - 10.0
时间: 2023-11-24 09:28:57 浏览: 34
这行代码是使用 NumPy 生成一个长度为 n_samples 的一维数组 X,数组中的每个元素都是一个随机数,取值范围在 [-10, 10] 之间。具体地,np.random.rand(n_samples) 生成一个长度为 n_samples 的一维数组,其中每个元素都是 [0, 1) 之间的随机数,乘以 20.0 后得到的数组元素取值范围在 [0, 20) 之间,再减去 10.0 得到的数组元素取值范围在 [-10, 10) 之间。
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翻译这段程序并自行赋值调用:import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import sklearn import sklearn.datasets import sklearn.linear_model def plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y): # Set min and max values and give it some padding x_min, x_max = X[0, :].min() - 1, X[0, :].max() + 1 y_min, y_max = X[1, :].min() - 1, X[1, :].max() + 1 h = 0.01 # Generate a grid of points with distance h between them xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h)) # Predict the function value for the whole grid Z = model(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]) Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape) # Plot the contour and training examples plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral) plt.ylabel('x2') plt.xlabel('x1') plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=y, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral) def sigmoid(x): s = 1/(1+np.exp(-x)) return s def load_planar_dataset(): np.random.seed(1) m = 400 # number of examples N = int(m/2) # number of points per class print(np.random.randn(N)) D = 2 # dimensionality X = np.zeros((m,D)) # data matrix where each row is a single example Y = np.zeros((m,1), dtype='uint8') # labels vector (0 for red, 1 for blue) a = 4 # maximum ray of the flower for j in range(2): ix = range(Nj,N(j+1)) t = np.linspace(j3.12,(j+1)3.12,N) + np.random.randn(N)0.2 # theta r = anp.sin(4t) + np.random.randn(N)0.2 # radius X[ix] = np.c_[rnp.sin(t), rnp.cos(t)] Y[ix] = j X = X.T Y = Y.T return X, Y def load_extra_datasets(): N = 200 noisy_circles = sklearn.datasets.make_circles(n_samples=N, factor=.5, noise=.3) noisy_moons = sklearn.datasets.make_moons(n_samples=N, noise=.2) blobs = sklearn.datasets.make_blobs(n_samples=N, random_state=5, n_features=2, centers=6) gaussian_quantiles = sklearn.datasets.make_gaussian_quantiles(mean=None, cov=0.5, n_samples=N, n_features=2, n_classes=2, shuffle=True, random_state=None) no_structure = np.random.rand(N, 2), np.random.rand(N, 2) return noisy_circles, noisy_moons, blobs, gaussian_quantiles, no_structure
这段程序是一个分类模型的辅助函数,包括了绘制决策边界、sigmoid函数和加载数据集的函数。具体实现如下:
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import sklearn
import sklearn.datasets
import sklearn.linear_model
def plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y):
# 设置最小值和最大值,并给它们一些填充
x_min, x_max = X[0, :].min() - 1, X[0, :].max() + 1
y_min, y_max = X[1, :].min() - 1, X[1, :].max() + 1
h = 0.01
# 生成一个网格,网格中点的距离为h
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h))
# 对整个网格预测函数值
Z = model(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)
# 绘制轮廓和训练样本
plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)
plt.ylabel('x2')
plt.xlabel('x1')
plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=y, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)
def sigmoid(x):
s = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))
return s
def load_planar_dataset():
np.random.seed(1)
m = 400 # 样本数量
N = int(m / 2) # 每个类的样本数量
# 生成数据集
D = 2 # 特征维度
X = np.zeros((m, D)) # 特征矩阵
Y = np.zeros((m, 1), dtype='uint8') # 标签向量
a = 4 # 花的最大半径
for j in range(2):
ix = range(N*j, N*(j+1))
t = np.linspace(j*3.12, (j+1)*3.12, N) + np.random.randn(N)*0.2 # theta
r = a*np.sin(4*t) + np.random.randn(N)*0.2 # radius
X[ix] = np.c_[r*np.sin(t), r*np.cos(t)]
Y[ix] = j
X = X.T
Y = Y.T
return X, Y
def load_extra_datasets():
N = 200
noisy_circles = sklearn.datasets.make_circles(n_samples=N, factor=.5, noise=.3)
noisy_moons = sklearn.datasets.make_moons(n_samples=N, noise=.2)
blobs = sklearn.datasets.make_blobs(n_samples=N, random_state=5, n_features=2, centers=6)
gaussian_quantiles = sklearn.datasets.make_gaussian_quantiles(mean=None, cov=0.5, n_samples=N, n_features=2, n_classes=2, shuffle=True, random_state=None)
no_structure = np.random.rand(N, 2), np.random.rand(N, 2)
return noisy_circles, noisy_moons, blobs, gaussian_quantiles, no_structure
```
这段程序中包含了以下函数:
- `plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y)`:绘制分类模型的决策边界,其中`model`是分类模型,`X`是特征矩阵,`y`是标签向量。
- `sigmoid(x)`:实现sigmoid函数。
- `load_planar_dataset()`:加载一个二维的花瓣数据集。
- `load_extra_datasets()`:加载五个其他数据集。
class GP: def __init__(self, num_x_samples): self.observations = {"x": list(), "y": list()} self.num_x_samples = num_x_samples self.x_samples = np.arange(0, 10.0, 10.0 / self.num_x_samples).reshape(-1, 1) # prior self.mu = np.zeros_like(self.x_samples) self.cov = self.kernel(self.x_samples, self.x_samples) def update(self, observations): self.update_observation(observations) x = np.array(self.observations["x"]).reshape(-1, 1) y = np.array(self.observations["y"]).reshape(-1, 1) K11 = self.cov # (N,N) K22 = self.kernel(x, x) # (k,k) K12 = self.kernel(self.x_samples, x) # (N,k) K21 = self.kernel(x, self.x_samples) # (k,N) K22_inv = np.linalg.inv(K22 + 1e-8 * np.eye(len(x))) # (k,k) self.mu = K12.dot(K22_inv).dot(y) self.cov = self.kernel(self.x_samples, self.x_samples) - K12.dot(K22_inv).dot(K21) gp = GP(num_x_samples=100)解释一下gp = GP(num_x_samples=100)
这是一个名为GP的类,它有一个初始化函数__init__,需要传入num_x_samples参数。它有两个成员变量observations和num_x_samples,observations是一个字典,包含"x"和"y"两个键,分别对应一个空列表,用于存储观测数据。num_x_samples是输入自变量x采样点的数量。
x_samples是一个numpy数组,包含0到10之间等间隔的num_x_samples个数值,用于作为自变量x的取值。这个数组的形状是(num_x_samples, 1)。