What is the term for the number of complete cycles or vibrations of a wave per unit of time?

The term for the number of complete cycles or vibrations of a wave per unit of time is called frequency. It is measured in Hertz (Hz), which represents the number of cycles per second.

相关问题

Requirement Considering the relationship of drought adaptability with respect to the number of species in a plant community, your task is to explore and better understand this phenomenon. Specifically, you should: • Develop a mathematical model to predict how a plant community changes over time as it is exposed to various irregular weather cycles. Include times of drought when precipitation should be abundant. The model should account for interactions between different species during cycles of drought. • Explore what conclusions you can draw from your model with respect to the long-term interactions of a community of plants and the larger environment. Consider the following questions: • How many different plant species are required for the community to benefit and what happens as the number of species grows? • How do the types of species in the community impact your results? • What are the impact of a greater frequency and wider variation of the occurrence of droughts in future weather cycles? If droughts are less frequent, does the number of species have the same impact on the overall population?

答：为了探索并更好地理解旱灾适应能力与植物群落物种数量之间的关系，我们的任务是开发一个数学模型，预测植物群落在暴露于不同的不规则气候周期中如何随时间变化。模型应该考虑在干旱周期中不同物种之间的相互作用。此外，还要探究从模型中可以得出哪些结论，关于植物群落与更大的环境之间的长期相互作用，特别是针对以下问题：植物群落需要多少种不同的物种才能受益，随着物种数量的增加会发生什么？群落中物种的类型如何影响结果？未来气候周期中干旱的频率和差异性越大，对整体植物种群的影响会有什么样的变化？如果干旱较少，物种数量对整体植物群落的影响是否一样？

用中文翻译：A coupled three-dimensional model is developed to study the internal parameter distributions of the MBPP fuel cell stack, considering fluid dynamics, electro-chemical reactions, multi-species mass transfer, twophase flow of water and thermal dynamics. The model geometry domains include anode MBPP, anode gas wavy flow field (5 parallel flow channels), anode GDL, anode catalyst layer (CL), membrane, cathode CL, cathode GDL, cathode gas wavy flow field (5 parallel flow channels), cathode MBPP and the two-layered coolant wavy flow fields at anode/cathode sides. According to the stack design, the design parameters of wavy flow fields for anode and cathode sides are the same but the phase deviation between their wave cycles presents 180◦. The two wavy flow fields of coolant, at the respective back sides of the anode and cathode plates, form the intercrossed two-layered coolant flow fields inside the MBPP, due to the phase difference of 180◦ between the wave cycles (Fig. 3). The mismatched flow field patterns between the neighbored fluid flows lead to complicated geometry and mesh building. The presented model geometry is divided into several layers (xz plane) according to the different domain materials so that the thin metallic plate and fluid domains with complicated 3D morphologies could be finely meshed layer by layer. As the real geometry of the experimental stack is too large for calculation, the modeled flow field consists of 5 parallel wavy channels, each of which includes 2 wave periods and corresponding inlet/outlet portions as well. To study the detailed thermal behavior of the presented design, the two-layered coolant fluid flow at the back side of the anode plate is considered and so is for the cathode plate. The counter flow operation is conducted where the air flows at the same direction with coolant but the opposite with hydrogen, shown in Fig. 3 (b).

研究MBPP燃料电池堆内部参数分布的三维耦合模型被建立，考虑流体力学、电化学反应、多物种质量转移、水的两相流动和热力学。模型几何域包括阳极MBPP、阳极气体波浪流场（5个平行流道）、阳极GDL、阳极催化层（CL）、膜、阴极CL、阴极GDL、阴极气体波浪流场（5个平行流道）、阴极MBPP和阳极/阴极两层冷却剂波浪流场。根据堆设计，阳极和阴极侧波浪流场的设计参数相同，但其波浪周期之间的相位偏差为180°。阳极板背面和阴极板背面的两个波浪流场形成交叉的两层冷却剂流场，由于波浪周期之间的相位差为180°（图3）。相邻流体流动之间的不匹配流场模式导致复杂的几何和网格构建。所提出的模型几何体根据不同的域材料分为几层（xz平面），以