C++重载运算符

C++中的运算符重载是一种特殊的函数重载，允许我们重新定义已有的运算符，使其能够用于自定义类型。运算符重载函数的名称必须是 `operator` 关键字后跟要重载的运算符的符号。

以下是一些常用的运算符及其重载函数的示例：

### 1. 算术运算符

| 运算符 | 函数名称 |
|-------|---------|
| + | operator+ |
| - | operator- |
| * | operator* |
| / | operator/ |
| % | operator% |

class Number {
public:
    int value;
    Number(int v) : value(v) {}
    Number operator+(const Number& other) {
        return Number(value + other.value);
    }
    Number operator-(const Number& other) {
        return Number(value - other.value);
    }
    Number operator*(const Number& other) {
        return Number(value * other.value);
    }
    Number operator/(const Number& other) {
        return Number(value / other.value);
    }
    Number operator%(const Number& other) {
        return Number(value % other.value);
    }
};

### 2. 比较运算符

| 运算符 | 函数名称 |
|-------|---------|
| == | operator== |
| != | operator!= |
| < | operator< |
| > | operator> |
| <= | operator<= |
| >= | operator>= |

class Person {
public:
    std::string name;
    int age;
    Person(const std::string& n, int a) : name(n), age(a) {}
    bool operator==(const Person& other) {
        return name == other.name && age == other.age;
    }
    bool operator!=(const Person& other) {
        return !(*this == other);
    }
    bool operator<(const Person& other) {
        return age < other.age;
    }
    bool operator>(const Person& other) {
        return age > other.age;
    }
    bool operator<=(const Person& other) {
        return age <= other.age;
    }
    bool operator>=(const Person& other) {
        return age >= other.age;
    }
};

### 3. 位运算符

| 运算符 | 函数名称 |
|-------|---------|
| & | operator& |
| \| | operator\| |
| ^ | operator^ |
| ~ | operator~ |
| << | operator<< |
| >> | operator>> |

class Bitset {
private:
    int data;
public:
    Bitset(int d) : data(d) {}
    Bitset operator&(const Bitset& other) {
        return Bitset(data & other.data);
    }
    Bitset operator|(const Bitset& other) {
        return Bitset(data | other.data);
    }
    Bitset operator^(const Bitset& other) {
        return Bitset(data ^ other.data);
    }
    Bitset operator~() {
        return Bitset(~data);
    }
    Bitset operator<<(int shift) {
        return Bitset(data << shift);
    }
    Bitset operator>>(int shift) {
        return Bitset(data >> shift);
    }
};